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usp19 c506s  (Addgene inc)


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    Structured Review

    Addgene inc usp19 c506s
    The ER-anchored <t>USP19</t> promotes the secretion of misfolded TDP-43 in the HEK293T cellular model. a Schematic representation of Flag-USP19 constructs used in this study. The C506 residue represents an essential amino acid residue necessary for the ubiquitin peptidase catalytic activity. CS 1&2 CHORD-containing proteins and STG1, UBL ubiquitin-like, USP ubiquitin-specific peptidase, TM transmembrane domain, ZnF zinc finger, ΔTM deleted for the transmembrane domain. The pink star represents the amino terminal Flag tag. b Schematic representation of the full-length TDP-43 (upper panel). The K263E variant is highlighted in blue. LCD Low Complexity Domain, NLS nuclear localization sequences, NTD N-terminal domain, RRM1&2 RNA recognition motif 1&2. HEK293T cells were transfected with TDP-43-WT or TDP-43-K263E encoding constructs and were visualized by immunofluorescence using anti-TDP-43 antibody. Blue signal corresponds to DAPI for nuclei and green signal to TDP-43. Scale bar is 10 µm. c Immunoblotting of sarkosyl soluble supernatant (Sark-sol) and sarkosyl insoluble pellet (Sark-ins) fractions isolated from control HEK293T cells (lanes 1 and 4), or cells expressing TDP-43-WT (lanes 2 and 5) or TDP-43-K263E (lanes 3 and 6) using antibodies directed against TDP-43 and GAPDH as loading control. d Evaluation of misfolded TDP-43 secretion by filter trap assay (FTA). Presence of misfolded TDP-43 in conditioned media from HEK293T cells overexpressing TDP-43-WT and TDP-43-K263E and the different Flag-USP19 or the empty vector (negative control) was monitored by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using anti-Flag (for USP19), -TDP-43 and -GAPDH antibodies for loading control. e Quantification of secreted TDP-43 upon USP19 expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 5 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test ( **p < 0.001 ). f USP19-WT or USP19-ΔTM and TDP-43-K263E overexpression does not affect plasma membrane permeability and cell viability. HEK293T cells transfected with the indicated plasmids were stained with trypan blue and counted. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 3 experiments
    Usp19 C506s, supplied by Addgene inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 2 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/usp19 c506s/product/Addgene inc
    Average 93 stars, based on 2 article reviews
    usp19 c506s - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
    93/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Enhanced secretion of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS-associated misfolded TDP-43 mediated by the ER-ubiquitin specific peptidase USP19"

    Article Title: Enhanced secretion of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS-associated misfolded TDP-43 mediated by the ER-ubiquitin specific peptidase USP19

    Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

    doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05589-w

    The ER-anchored USP19 promotes the secretion of misfolded TDP-43 in the HEK293T cellular model. a Schematic representation of Flag-USP19 constructs used in this study. The C506 residue represents an essential amino acid residue necessary for the ubiquitin peptidase catalytic activity. CS 1&2 CHORD-containing proteins and STG1, UBL ubiquitin-like, USP ubiquitin-specific peptidase, TM transmembrane domain, ZnF zinc finger, ΔTM deleted for the transmembrane domain. The pink star represents the amino terminal Flag tag. b Schematic representation of the full-length TDP-43 (upper panel). The K263E variant is highlighted in blue. LCD Low Complexity Domain, NLS nuclear localization sequences, NTD N-terminal domain, RRM1&2 RNA recognition motif 1&2. HEK293T cells were transfected with TDP-43-WT or TDP-43-K263E encoding constructs and were visualized by immunofluorescence using anti-TDP-43 antibody. Blue signal corresponds to DAPI for nuclei and green signal to TDP-43. Scale bar is 10 µm. c Immunoblotting of sarkosyl soluble supernatant (Sark-sol) and sarkosyl insoluble pellet (Sark-ins) fractions isolated from control HEK293T cells (lanes 1 and 4), or cells expressing TDP-43-WT (lanes 2 and 5) or TDP-43-K263E (lanes 3 and 6) using antibodies directed against TDP-43 and GAPDH as loading control. d Evaluation of misfolded TDP-43 secretion by filter trap assay (FTA). Presence of misfolded TDP-43 in conditioned media from HEK293T cells overexpressing TDP-43-WT and TDP-43-K263E and the different Flag-USP19 or the empty vector (negative control) was monitored by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using anti-Flag (for USP19), -TDP-43 and -GAPDH antibodies for loading control. e Quantification of secreted TDP-43 upon USP19 expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 5 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test ( **p < 0.001 ). f USP19-WT or USP19-ΔTM and TDP-43-K263E overexpression does not affect plasma membrane permeability and cell viability. HEK293T cells transfected with the indicated plasmids were stained with trypan blue and counted. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 3 experiments
    Figure Legend Snippet: The ER-anchored USP19 promotes the secretion of misfolded TDP-43 in the HEK293T cellular model. a Schematic representation of Flag-USP19 constructs used in this study. The C506 residue represents an essential amino acid residue necessary for the ubiquitin peptidase catalytic activity. CS 1&2 CHORD-containing proteins and STG1, UBL ubiquitin-like, USP ubiquitin-specific peptidase, TM transmembrane domain, ZnF zinc finger, ΔTM deleted for the transmembrane domain. The pink star represents the amino terminal Flag tag. b Schematic representation of the full-length TDP-43 (upper panel). The K263E variant is highlighted in blue. LCD Low Complexity Domain, NLS nuclear localization sequences, NTD N-terminal domain, RRM1&2 RNA recognition motif 1&2. HEK293T cells were transfected with TDP-43-WT or TDP-43-K263E encoding constructs and were visualized by immunofluorescence using anti-TDP-43 antibody. Blue signal corresponds to DAPI for nuclei and green signal to TDP-43. Scale bar is 10 µm. c Immunoblotting of sarkosyl soluble supernatant (Sark-sol) and sarkosyl insoluble pellet (Sark-ins) fractions isolated from control HEK293T cells (lanes 1 and 4), or cells expressing TDP-43-WT (lanes 2 and 5) or TDP-43-K263E (lanes 3 and 6) using antibodies directed against TDP-43 and GAPDH as loading control. d Evaluation of misfolded TDP-43 secretion by filter trap assay (FTA). Presence of misfolded TDP-43 in conditioned media from HEK293T cells overexpressing TDP-43-WT and TDP-43-K263E and the different Flag-USP19 or the empty vector (negative control) was monitored by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using anti-Flag (for USP19), -TDP-43 and -GAPDH antibodies for loading control. e Quantification of secreted TDP-43 upon USP19 expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 5 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test ( **p < 0.001 ). f USP19-WT or USP19-ΔTM and TDP-43-K263E overexpression does not affect plasma membrane permeability and cell viability. HEK293T cells transfected with the indicated plasmids were stained with trypan blue and counted. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 3 experiments

    Techniques Used: Construct, Residue, Ubiquitin Proteomics, Activity Assay, FLAG-tag, Variant Assay, Transfection, Immunofluorescence, Western Blot, Isolation, Control, Expressing, TRAP Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Negative Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Over Expression, Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Permeability, Staining

    The ubiquitin peptidase activity is essential for TDP-43-K263E secretion in USP19 context. a Schematic representation of Flag-USP19 constructs. The USP19-C506S corresponds to an ER-anchored but ubiquitin peptidase catalytically inactive mutant. b Ubiquitination level in cell lysates of co-expressing cells. Immunoblotting of cell lysates from TDP-43-K263E and the indicated Flag-USP19 co-expressing cell using antibodies directed against Ubiquitin or GAPDH as loading control. c Evaluation of misfolded TDP-43 secretion by FTA. Presence of misfolded TDP-43 in conditioned media from HEK293T cells overexpressing the TDP-43-K263E, the WT, the ΔTM or the C506S Flag-USP19, was monitored by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using anti-Flag (for USP19), -TDP-43 and -GAPDH antibodies for loading control. d Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E upon USP19s expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 5 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (** p < 0.001). e TDP-43-K263E deubiquitination is promoted by USP19-WT. Lysates from HEK293T cells co-expressing Myc-TDP-43-K263E and HA-Ubiquitin-WT with Flag-USP19-C506S (ubiquitin peptidase deficient mutant; lane 1) or Flag-USP19-WT (lane 2) were immunoprecipitated with anti-Myc and immunoblotted with anti-HA and anti-Myc. Whole cell lysates (WCL; 5 μg/input) from co-expressing cells were immunoblotted using anti-Myc, anti-Flag and anti-GAPDH for loading control. Asterisks correspond to heavy and light chains of immunoglobulins used during the immunoprecipitation
    Figure Legend Snippet: The ubiquitin peptidase activity is essential for TDP-43-K263E secretion in USP19 context. a Schematic representation of Flag-USP19 constructs. The USP19-C506S corresponds to an ER-anchored but ubiquitin peptidase catalytically inactive mutant. b Ubiquitination level in cell lysates of co-expressing cells. Immunoblotting of cell lysates from TDP-43-K263E and the indicated Flag-USP19 co-expressing cell using antibodies directed against Ubiquitin or GAPDH as loading control. c Evaluation of misfolded TDP-43 secretion by FTA. Presence of misfolded TDP-43 in conditioned media from HEK293T cells overexpressing the TDP-43-K263E, the WT, the ΔTM or the C506S Flag-USP19, was monitored by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using anti-Flag (for USP19), -TDP-43 and -GAPDH antibodies for loading control. d Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E upon USP19s expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 5 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (** p < 0.001). e TDP-43-K263E deubiquitination is promoted by USP19-WT. Lysates from HEK293T cells co-expressing Myc-TDP-43-K263E and HA-Ubiquitin-WT with Flag-USP19-C506S (ubiquitin peptidase deficient mutant; lane 1) or Flag-USP19-WT (lane 2) were immunoprecipitated with anti-Myc and immunoblotted with anti-HA and anti-Myc. Whole cell lysates (WCL; 5 μg/input) from co-expressing cells were immunoblotted using anti-Myc, anti-Flag and anti-GAPDH for loading control. Asterisks correspond to heavy and light chains of immunoglobulins used during the immunoprecipitation

    Techniques Used: Ubiquitin Proteomics, Activity Assay, Construct, Mutagenesis, Expressing, Western Blot, Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Immunoprecipitation

    The ER-anchored USP19 promotes the secretion of free TDP-43-K263E fibrils in the conditioned medium. a Transmission of misfolded HA-TDP-43-K263E to naïve HEK293T cells. Naive HEK293T cells were cocultured with conditioned media from HEK293T co-expressing cells Flag-USP19-WT or − ΔTM with HA-TDP-43-K263E during 72 h. b After 3 days, cells were washed and analyzed by Western blotting using anti-HA and anti-GAPDH as loading control. c Quantification of n = 5 independent experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (**p < 0.001). d Aggregated TDP-43 levels in conditioned media from HEK293T cells overexpressing TDP-43-K263E and the Flag-USP19 WT and ΔTM were precleared to eliminate cellular debris and ultracentrifuged at 120,000 g pellet (p120K pellet) and analyzed by immunoblotting (lanes 3 and 4) using antibody directed against TDP-43. Cellular lysates (lanes 1 and 2) were analyzed by Western blotting and probed by antibodies directed against TDP-43, Flag and GAPDH (loading control). e Sucrose equilibrium density gradient fractionation of conditioned medium. The p120K pellet was fractionated through a linear sucrose equilibrium density gradient 9–60% and fractions (× 15), recovered from the top of the gradient, were analyzed by Western blotting using anti-TDP-43 or anti-CD81 and anti-CD63 antibodies for extracellular vesicles markers. Fraction density values (g/cm 3 ) are depicted at the bottom panel. Whole cell lysate (WCL) of co-expressing cells was immunoblotted in parallel using the anti-TDP-43, anti-CD63 and anti-CD81. The bottom panel corresponds to the TCE staining of the SDS-PAGE gel. f Immunogold electron microscopy (IEM) of TDP-43-K263E positive fractions. Positive fractions (10–12) containing the TDP-43-K263E were pooled and analyzed by IEM using anti-TDP-43 labelled with a secondary antibody coupled with 10 nm gold particle. Amorphous and fibrillar structures were labelled (red arrows). Scale bars are 20 and 50 nm
    Figure Legend Snippet: The ER-anchored USP19 promotes the secretion of free TDP-43-K263E fibrils in the conditioned medium. a Transmission of misfolded HA-TDP-43-K263E to naïve HEK293T cells. Naive HEK293T cells were cocultured with conditioned media from HEK293T co-expressing cells Flag-USP19-WT or − ΔTM with HA-TDP-43-K263E during 72 h. b After 3 days, cells were washed and analyzed by Western blotting using anti-HA and anti-GAPDH as loading control. c Quantification of n = 5 independent experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (**p < 0.001). d Aggregated TDP-43 levels in conditioned media from HEK293T cells overexpressing TDP-43-K263E and the Flag-USP19 WT and ΔTM were precleared to eliminate cellular debris and ultracentrifuged at 120,000 g pellet (p120K pellet) and analyzed by immunoblotting (lanes 3 and 4) using antibody directed against TDP-43. Cellular lysates (lanes 1 and 2) were analyzed by Western blotting and probed by antibodies directed against TDP-43, Flag and GAPDH (loading control). e Sucrose equilibrium density gradient fractionation of conditioned medium. The p120K pellet was fractionated through a linear sucrose equilibrium density gradient 9–60% and fractions (× 15), recovered from the top of the gradient, were analyzed by Western blotting using anti-TDP-43 or anti-CD81 and anti-CD63 antibodies for extracellular vesicles markers. Fraction density values (g/cm 3 ) are depicted at the bottom panel. Whole cell lysate (WCL) of co-expressing cells was immunoblotted in parallel using the anti-TDP-43, anti-CD63 and anti-CD81. The bottom panel corresponds to the TCE staining of the SDS-PAGE gel. f Immunogold electron microscopy (IEM) of TDP-43-K263E positive fractions. Positive fractions (10–12) containing the TDP-43-K263E were pooled and analyzed by IEM using anti-TDP-43 labelled with a secondary antibody coupled with 10 nm gold particle. Amorphous and fibrillar structures were labelled (red arrows). Scale bars are 20 and 50 nm

    Techniques Used: Transmission Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Fractionation, Staining, SDS Page, Electron Microscopy

    Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and RNA sequencing analyses point out ER alterations in TDP-43-K263E and USP19-WT co-expressing cells. a Ultrastructural analyses. TEM of TDP-43-K263E + UPS19-WT (panel i); TDP-43-K263E (panel ii); TDP-43-K263E + USP19-ΔTM (panel iii) and untransfected cells (UT; panel iv as negative control). Black arrows indicate dilated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) accumulation (panels i and v; v-right corresponds to a higher magnification of panel v). White asterisk indicates cytoplasmic aggregates (panel ii). White arrows indicate compact electron dense structures (CEDS; panel iii). Red arrows indicate mitochondria in close contacts with ER (panels v-right to vii). Yellow arrowheads indicate autophagic/endosomal compartments containing ER membrane and dense amorphous structures. (panels v-right, x and xi). Scale bars are 2 and 5 μm. Dotted squares correspond to higher magnification b Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes between TDP-43-K263E/USP19-WT versus TDP-43-K263E/USP19-ΔTM co-expressing cells. Red dots represents upregulated genes (P < 0.05 and Log2FC > 1), blue dots represents downregulated genes (P < 0.05 and Log2FC < -1), and grey dots represent genes that were not differentially expressed. c Bubble plot of the GO Biological process pathway enrichment analysis. The horizontal axis represents the enrichment score (-log10(p-value)), while the vertical axis represents the enriched pathway name. The color scale indicates different thresholds of the p-value, and size of the bubble indicates the number of genes corresponding to each pathway
    Figure Legend Snippet: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and RNA sequencing analyses point out ER alterations in TDP-43-K263E and USP19-WT co-expressing cells. a Ultrastructural analyses. TEM of TDP-43-K263E + UPS19-WT (panel i); TDP-43-K263E (panel ii); TDP-43-K263E + USP19-ΔTM (panel iii) and untransfected cells (UT; panel iv as negative control). Black arrows indicate dilated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) accumulation (panels i and v; v-right corresponds to a higher magnification of panel v). White asterisk indicates cytoplasmic aggregates (panel ii). White arrows indicate compact electron dense structures (CEDS; panel iii). Red arrows indicate mitochondria in close contacts with ER (panels v-right to vii). Yellow arrowheads indicate autophagic/endosomal compartments containing ER membrane and dense amorphous structures. (panels v-right, x and xi). Scale bars are 2 and 5 μm. Dotted squares correspond to higher magnification b Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes between TDP-43-K263E/USP19-WT versus TDP-43-K263E/USP19-ΔTM co-expressing cells. Red dots represents upregulated genes (P < 0.05 and Log2FC > 1), blue dots represents downregulated genes (P < 0.05 and Log2FC < -1), and grey dots represent genes that were not differentially expressed. c Bubble plot of the GO Biological process pathway enrichment analysis. The horizontal axis represents the enrichment score (-log10(p-value)), while the vertical axis represents the enriched pathway name. The color scale indicates different thresholds of the p-value, and size of the bubble indicates the number of genes corresponding to each pathway

    Techniques Used: Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, RNA Sequencing, Expressing, Negative Control, Membrane

    TDP-43-K263E colocalizes with USP19-WT and the KDEL-ER marker and coimmunoprecipitates with USP19-WT. a TDP-43 IEM of HEK293T TDP-43-K263E + Flag-WT-USP19 co-expressing cells. Red arrows indicate the TDP-43 gold particles in close contacts with dilated ER structures in the cytoplasm (panel i) or inside autophagic/endosomal compartments (panels iii and iv). Red arrowheads correspond to free TDP-43 aggregates in intracellular compartments (panel ii). White arrowheads correspond to TDP-43 labelling embedded in amorphous structures present in intracellular autophagic/endosomal compartments (panel iv). b Confocal immunofluorescence imaging of TDP-43-K263E + Flag-USP19-WT co-expressing cells. Co-expressing cells were labelled with antibodies directed against the ER KDEL marker (red), the Flag-USP19-WT (magenta), the HA for TDP-43-K263E (green) and the DAPI (blue) for nuclear staining. Scale bar is 10 μm. c ROI 1–2 are depicted in the merge panel. The plot profiles of the ER-KDEL marker (red) with the Flag-USP19-WT (magenta) and the HA-TDP-43-K263E (green) colocalizations (ROI1 and 2) along the ROI lines were constructed and analyzed using Image J software. White arrowheads show other colocalized signals d TDP-43 coimmunoprecipitates with Flag-USP19-WT. Left panel: co-immunoprecipitation experiment was realized on cell lysates from TDP-43-K263E and Flag-USP19-WT co-expressing cells using mouse antibodies directed against the Flag epitope or an irrelevant SARS-CoV2 IgG antibody as negative control. Right panel: Western blotting of HA-TDP-43-K263E and Flag-USP19-WT co-expressing cell lysates (input) using antibodies directed against Flag (for USP19), HA (for TDP-43) and GAPDH
    Figure Legend Snippet: TDP-43-K263E colocalizes with USP19-WT and the KDEL-ER marker and coimmunoprecipitates with USP19-WT. a TDP-43 IEM of HEK293T TDP-43-K263E + Flag-WT-USP19 co-expressing cells. Red arrows indicate the TDP-43 gold particles in close contacts with dilated ER structures in the cytoplasm (panel i) or inside autophagic/endosomal compartments (panels iii and iv). Red arrowheads correspond to free TDP-43 aggregates in intracellular compartments (panel ii). White arrowheads correspond to TDP-43 labelling embedded in amorphous structures present in intracellular autophagic/endosomal compartments (panel iv). b Confocal immunofluorescence imaging of TDP-43-K263E + Flag-USP19-WT co-expressing cells. Co-expressing cells were labelled with antibodies directed against the ER KDEL marker (red), the Flag-USP19-WT (magenta), the HA for TDP-43-K263E (green) and the DAPI (blue) for nuclear staining. Scale bar is 10 μm. c ROI 1–2 are depicted in the merge panel. The plot profiles of the ER-KDEL marker (red) with the Flag-USP19-WT (magenta) and the HA-TDP-43-K263E (green) colocalizations (ROI1 and 2) along the ROI lines were constructed and analyzed using Image J software. White arrowheads show other colocalized signals d TDP-43 coimmunoprecipitates with Flag-USP19-WT. Left panel: co-immunoprecipitation experiment was realized on cell lysates from TDP-43-K263E and Flag-USP19-WT co-expressing cells using mouse antibodies directed against the Flag epitope or an irrelevant SARS-CoV2 IgG antibody as negative control. Right panel: Western blotting of HA-TDP-43-K263E and Flag-USP19-WT co-expressing cell lysates (input) using antibodies directed against Flag (for USP19), HA (for TDP-43) and GAPDH

    Techniques Used: Marker, Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Imaging, Staining, Construct, Software, Immunoprecipitation, FLAG-tag, Negative Control, Western Blot

    Early autophagic and endosomal compartments are involved in the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT. a Schematic representation of cellular trafficking and inhibition strategies (pharmacological in blue and siRNAs in red) used in this study to identify potential pathways involved in the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19. b-f Evaluation of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19 by FTA in presence of siRNAs control (CT) or siRNAs directed against ATG7 , RAB11A , HRS/HGS , RAB8A or RAB27A . Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from siRNAs CT/targets-treated co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against ATG7, RAB11A, HRS/HGS, RAB8, RAB27A or Flag (for USP19), TDP-43, and GAPDH for loading control. Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by USP19-WT in presence of siRNAs CT and targets ATG7 , RAB11A , HRS/HGS , RAB8A and RAB27A are depicted in the right panels of each condition. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 4 to 6 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (*p < 0.05)
    Figure Legend Snippet: Early autophagic and endosomal compartments are involved in the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT. a Schematic representation of cellular trafficking and inhibition strategies (pharmacological in blue and siRNAs in red) used in this study to identify potential pathways involved in the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19. b-f Evaluation of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19 by FTA in presence of siRNAs control (CT) or siRNAs directed against ATG7 , RAB11A , HRS/HGS , RAB8A or RAB27A . Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from siRNAs CT/targets-treated co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against ATG7, RAB11A, HRS/HGS, RAB8, RAB27A or Flag (for USP19), TDP-43, and GAPDH for loading control. Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by USP19-WT in presence of siRNAs CT and targets ATG7 , RAB11A , HRS/HGS , RAB8A and RAB27A are depicted in the right panels of each condition. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 4 to 6 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (*p < 0.05)

    Techniques Used: Inhibition, Control, Expressing, Western Blot, MANN-WHITNEY

    VAMP7 is a modulator of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT. a Evaluation of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by EGFP-VAMP7-WT and Flag-USP19-WT by FTA. Upper panel (secretion): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against Flag (for USP19), TDP-43, GFP (for VAMP7-WT) and GAPDH for loading control. b Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E in presence of GFP-VAMP7-WT or Flag-USP19-WT expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 4 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test, ns = not significant. c Sucrose equilibrium density gradient fractionation of conditioned medium. The 120,000xg pellet (p120K) from conditioned media of TDP-43-K263E + GFP-VAMP7-WT co-expressing cells were fractionated through a 8–60% linear sucrose equilibrium density gradient and fractions (× 15), recovered from the top were analyzed by Western blotting using anti-TDP-43 or anti-CD81 antibody. Fraction density values (g/cm 3 ) are depicted at the bottom panel. d Evaluation of TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT in presence of EGFP- VAMP7-WT, EGFP-Longin-VAMP7, EGFP-YKT6-WT or EGFP-Longin-YKT6 by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned medium): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against Flag (for USP19), TDP-43, GFP (for VAMP7s and YKT6s) and GAPDH for loading control. e Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by Flag- USP19-WT in presence of VAMP7 or YKT6-WT and -Longins expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 4 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (*p < 0.05), ns = not significant
    Figure Legend Snippet: VAMP7 is a modulator of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT. a Evaluation of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by EGFP-VAMP7-WT and Flag-USP19-WT by FTA. Upper panel (secretion): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against Flag (for USP19), TDP-43, GFP (for VAMP7-WT) and GAPDH for loading control. b Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E in presence of GFP-VAMP7-WT or Flag-USP19-WT expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 4 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test, ns = not significant. c Sucrose equilibrium density gradient fractionation of conditioned medium. The 120,000xg pellet (p120K) from conditioned media of TDP-43-K263E + GFP-VAMP7-WT co-expressing cells were fractionated through a 8–60% linear sucrose equilibrium density gradient and fractions (× 15), recovered from the top were analyzed by Western blotting using anti-TDP-43 or anti-CD81 antibody. Fraction density values (g/cm 3 ) are depicted at the bottom panel. d Evaluation of TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT in presence of EGFP- VAMP7-WT, EGFP-Longin-VAMP7, EGFP-YKT6-WT or EGFP-Longin-YKT6 by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned medium): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against Flag (for USP19), TDP-43, GFP (for VAMP7s and YKT6s) and GAPDH for loading control. e Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by Flag- USP19-WT in presence of VAMP7 or YKT6-WT and -Longins expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 4 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (*p < 0.05), ns = not significant

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Western Blot, Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Fractionation

    DNAJC5/CSPα is a modulator of the misfolded TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by Flag-USP19-WT. a Evaluation of TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by 3x-Flag-CSPα-WT or the phospho-deficient CSPα-S10A by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against HA (for HA tagged TDP-43), CSPα and GAPDH for loading control. b Evaluation of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT in presence of CSPα-WT or CSPα-S10A mutant by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against Flag (for Flag-USP19-WT), TDP-43, CSPα and GAPDH for loading control. c Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by USP19-WT in presence of CSPα-WT or the phosphor-deficient CSPα-S10A expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 5 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (**p < 0.001). d Evaluation of TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by Flag-USP19-WT in presence of siRNAs CT or siRNAs directed against CSPα by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells treated with siRNAs CT or against CSPα using antibodies directed against CSPα, Flag (for Flag-USP19-WT), TDP-43, or GAPDH for loading control. e Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by USP19-WT in presence of siRNAs CT or siRNAs CSPα. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 3 experiments
    Figure Legend Snippet: DNAJC5/CSPα is a modulator of the misfolded TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by Flag-USP19-WT. a Evaluation of TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by 3x-Flag-CSPα-WT or the phospho-deficient CSPα-S10A by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against HA (for HA tagged TDP-43), CSPα and GAPDH for loading control. b Evaluation of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT in presence of CSPα-WT or CSPα-S10A mutant by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against Flag (for Flag-USP19-WT), TDP-43, CSPα and GAPDH for loading control. c Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by USP19-WT in presence of CSPα-WT or the phosphor-deficient CSPα-S10A expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 5 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (**p < 0.001). d Evaluation of TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by Flag-USP19-WT in presence of siRNAs CT or siRNAs directed against CSPα by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells treated with siRNAs CT or against CSPα using antibodies directed against CSPα, Flag (for Flag-USP19-WT), TDP-43, or GAPDH for loading control. e Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by USP19-WT in presence of siRNAs CT or siRNAs CSPα. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 3 experiments

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Western Blot, Control, Mutagenesis, MANN-WHITNEY



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    The ER-anchored USP19 promotes the secretion of misfolded TDP-43 in the HEK293T cellular model. a Schematic representation of Flag-USP19 constructs used in this study. The C506 residue represents an essential amino acid residue necessary for the ubiquitin peptidase catalytic activity. CS 1&2 CHORD-containing proteins and STG1, UBL ubiquitin-like, USP ubiquitin-specific peptidase, TM transmembrane domain, ZnF zinc finger, ΔTM deleted for the transmembrane domain. The pink star represents the amino terminal Flag tag. b Schematic representation of the full-length TDP-43 (upper panel). The K263E variant is highlighted in blue. LCD Low Complexity Domain, NLS nuclear localization sequences, NTD N-terminal domain, RRM1&2 RNA recognition motif 1&2. HEK293T cells were transfected with TDP-43-WT or TDP-43-K263E encoding constructs and were visualized by immunofluorescence using anti-TDP-43 antibody. Blue signal corresponds to DAPI for nuclei and green signal to TDP-43. Scale bar is 10 µm. c Immunoblotting of sarkosyl soluble supernatant (Sark-sol) and sarkosyl insoluble pellet (Sark-ins) fractions isolated from control HEK293T cells (lanes 1 and 4), or cells expressing TDP-43-WT (lanes 2 and 5) or TDP-43-K263E (lanes 3 and 6) using antibodies directed against TDP-43 and GAPDH as loading control. d Evaluation of misfolded TDP-43 secretion by filter trap assay (FTA). Presence of misfolded TDP-43 in conditioned media from HEK293T cells overexpressing TDP-43-WT and TDP-43-K263E and the different Flag-USP19 or the empty vector (negative control) was monitored by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using anti-Flag (for USP19), -TDP-43 and -GAPDH antibodies for loading control. e Quantification of secreted TDP-43 upon USP19 expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 5 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test ( **p < 0.001 ). f USP19-WT or USP19-ΔTM and TDP-43-K263E overexpression does not affect plasma membrane permeability and cell viability. HEK293T cells transfected with the indicated plasmids were stained with trypan blue and counted. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 3 experiments

    Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

    Article Title: Enhanced secretion of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS-associated misfolded TDP-43 mediated by the ER-ubiquitin specific peptidase USP19

    doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05589-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The ER-anchored USP19 promotes the secretion of misfolded TDP-43 in the HEK293T cellular model. a Schematic representation of Flag-USP19 constructs used in this study. The C506 residue represents an essential amino acid residue necessary for the ubiquitin peptidase catalytic activity. CS 1&2 CHORD-containing proteins and STG1, UBL ubiquitin-like, USP ubiquitin-specific peptidase, TM transmembrane domain, ZnF zinc finger, ΔTM deleted for the transmembrane domain. The pink star represents the amino terminal Flag tag. b Schematic representation of the full-length TDP-43 (upper panel). The K263E variant is highlighted in blue. LCD Low Complexity Domain, NLS nuclear localization sequences, NTD N-terminal domain, RRM1&2 RNA recognition motif 1&2. HEK293T cells were transfected with TDP-43-WT or TDP-43-K263E encoding constructs and were visualized by immunofluorescence using anti-TDP-43 antibody. Blue signal corresponds to DAPI for nuclei and green signal to TDP-43. Scale bar is 10 µm. c Immunoblotting of sarkosyl soluble supernatant (Sark-sol) and sarkosyl insoluble pellet (Sark-ins) fractions isolated from control HEK293T cells (lanes 1 and 4), or cells expressing TDP-43-WT (lanes 2 and 5) or TDP-43-K263E (lanes 3 and 6) using antibodies directed against TDP-43 and GAPDH as loading control. d Evaluation of misfolded TDP-43 secretion by filter trap assay (FTA). Presence of misfolded TDP-43 in conditioned media from HEK293T cells overexpressing TDP-43-WT and TDP-43-K263E and the different Flag-USP19 or the empty vector (negative control) was monitored by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using anti-Flag (for USP19), -TDP-43 and -GAPDH antibodies for loading control. e Quantification of secreted TDP-43 upon USP19 expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 5 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test ( **p < 0.001 ). f USP19-WT or USP19-ΔTM and TDP-43-K263E overexpression does not affect plasma membrane permeability and cell viability. HEK293T cells transfected with the indicated plasmids were stained with trypan blue and counted. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 3 experiments

    Article Snippet: The mammalian expression constructs pRK-Flag-USP19 wild-type (USP19 WT , Addgene #78597), USP19 1-1290 (USP19 ΔTM , Addgene #78579), USP19 1-493 (USP19 Nter , Addgene #78581), USP19 494-1318 (USP19 Cter , Addgene #78587) and USP19 C506S (Addgene #78584) were purchased from Addgene and were previously described [ ].

    Techniques: Construct, Residue, Ubiquitin Proteomics, Activity Assay, FLAG-tag, Variant Assay, Transfection, Immunofluorescence, Western Blot, Isolation, Control, Expressing, TRAP Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Negative Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Over Expression, Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Permeability, Staining

    The ubiquitin peptidase activity is essential for TDP-43-K263E secretion in USP19 context. a Schematic representation of Flag-USP19 constructs. The USP19-C506S corresponds to an ER-anchored but ubiquitin peptidase catalytically inactive mutant. b Ubiquitination level in cell lysates of co-expressing cells. Immunoblotting of cell lysates from TDP-43-K263E and the indicated Flag-USP19 co-expressing cell using antibodies directed against Ubiquitin or GAPDH as loading control. c Evaluation of misfolded TDP-43 secretion by FTA. Presence of misfolded TDP-43 in conditioned media from HEK293T cells overexpressing the TDP-43-K263E, the WT, the ΔTM or the C506S Flag-USP19, was monitored by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using anti-Flag (for USP19), -TDP-43 and -GAPDH antibodies for loading control. d Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E upon USP19s expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 5 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (** p < 0.001). e TDP-43-K263E deubiquitination is promoted by USP19-WT. Lysates from HEK293T cells co-expressing Myc-TDP-43-K263E and HA-Ubiquitin-WT with Flag-USP19-C506S (ubiquitin peptidase deficient mutant; lane 1) or Flag-USP19-WT (lane 2) were immunoprecipitated with anti-Myc and immunoblotted with anti-HA and anti-Myc. Whole cell lysates (WCL; 5 μg/input) from co-expressing cells were immunoblotted using anti-Myc, anti-Flag and anti-GAPDH for loading control. Asterisks correspond to heavy and light chains of immunoglobulins used during the immunoprecipitation

    Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

    Article Title: Enhanced secretion of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS-associated misfolded TDP-43 mediated by the ER-ubiquitin specific peptidase USP19

    doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05589-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The ubiquitin peptidase activity is essential for TDP-43-K263E secretion in USP19 context. a Schematic representation of Flag-USP19 constructs. The USP19-C506S corresponds to an ER-anchored but ubiquitin peptidase catalytically inactive mutant. b Ubiquitination level in cell lysates of co-expressing cells. Immunoblotting of cell lysates from TDP-43-K263E and the indicated Flag-USP19 co-expressing cell using antibodies directed against Ubiquitin or GAPDH as loading control. c Evaluation of misfolded TDP-43 secretion by FTA. Presence of misfolded TDP-43 in conditioned media from HEK293T cells overexpressing the TDP-43-K263E, the WT, the ΔTM or the C506S Flag-USP19, was monitored by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using anti-Flag (for USP19), -TDP-43 and -GAPDH antibodies for loading control. d Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E upon USP19s expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 5 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (** p < 0.001). e TDP-43-K263E deubiquitination is promoted by USP19-WT. Lysates from HEK293T cells co-expressing Myc-TDP-43-K263E and HA-Ubiquitin-WT with Flag-USP19-C506S (ubiquitin peptidase deficient mutant; lane 1) or Flag-USP19-WT (lane 2) were immunoprecipitated with anti-Myc and immunoblotted with anti-HA and anti-Myc. Whole cell lysates (WCL; 5 μg/input) from co-expressing cells were immunoblotted using anti-Myc, anti-Flag and anti-GAPDH for loading control. Asterisks correspond to heavy and light chains of immunoglobulins used during the immunoprecipitation

    Article Snippet: The mammalian expression constructs pRK-Flag-USP19 wild-type (USP19 WT , Addgene #78597), USP19 1-1290 (USP19 ΔTM , Addgene #78579), USP19 1-493 (USP19 Nter , Addgene #78581), USP19 494-1318 (USP19 Cter , Addgene #78587) and USP19 C506S (Addgene #78584) were purchased from Addgene and were previously described [ ].

    Techniques: Ubiquitin Proteomics, Activity Assay, Construct, Mutagenesis, Expressing, Western Blot, Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Immunoprecipitation

    The ER-anchored USP19 promotes the secretion of free TDP-43-K263E fibrils in the conditioned medium. a Transmission of misfolded HA-TDP-43-K263E to naïve HEK293T cells. Naive HEK293T cells were cocultured with conditioned media from HEK293T co-expressing cells Flag-USP19-WT or − ΔTM with HA-TDP-43-K263E during 72 h. b After 3 days, cells were washed and analyzed by Western blotting using anti-HA and anti-GAPDH as loading control. c Quantification of n = 5 independent experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (**p < 0.001). d Aggregated TDP-43 levels in conditioned media from HEK293T cells overexpressing TDP-43-K263E and the Flag-USP19 WT and ΔTM were precleared to eliminate cellular debris and ultracentrifuged at 120,000 g pellet (p120K pellet) and analyzed by immunoblotting (lanes 3 and 4) using antibody directed against TDP-43. Cellular lysates (lanes 1 and 2) were analyzed by Western blotting and probed by antibodies directed against TDP-43, Flag and GAPDH (loading control). e Sucrose equilibrium density gradient fractionation of conditioned medium. The p120K pellet was fractionated through a linear sucrose equilibrium density gradient 9–60% and fractions (× 15), recovered from the top of the gradient, were analyzed by Western blotting using anti-TDP-43 or anti-CD81 and anti-CD63 antibodies for extracellular vesicles markers. Fraction density values (g/cm 3 ) are depicted at the bottom panel. Whole cell lysate (WCL) of co-expressing cells was immunoblotted in parallel using the anti-TDP-43, anti-CD63 and anti-CD81. The bottom panel corresponds to the TCE staining of the SDS-PAGE gel. f Immunogold electron microscopy (IEM) of TDP-43-K263E positive fractions. Positive fractions (10–12) containing the TDP-43-K263E were pooled and analyzed by IEM using anti-TDP-43 labelled with a secondary antibody coupled with 10 nm gold particle. Amorphous and fibrillar structures were labelled (red arrows). Scale bars are 20 and 50 nm

    Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

    Article Title: Enhanced secretion of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS-associated misfolded TDP-43 mediated by the ER-ubiquitin specific peptidase USP19

    doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05589-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The ER-anchored USP19 promotes the secretion of free TDP-43-K263E fibrils in the conditioned medium. a Transmission of misfolded HA-TDP-43-K263E to naïve HEK293T cells. Naive HEK293T cells were cocultured with conditioned media from HEK293T co-expressing cells Flag-USP19-WT or − ΔTM with HA-TDP-43-K263E during 72 h. b After 3 days, cells were washed and analyzed by Western blotting using anti-HA and anti-GAPDH as loading control. c Quantification of n = 5 independent experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (**p < 0.001). d Aggregated TDP-43 levels in conditioned media from HEK293T cells overexpressing TDP-43-K263E and the Flag-USP19 WT and ΔTM were precleared to eliminate cellular debris and ultracentrifuged at 120,000 g pellet (p120K pellet) and analyzed by immunoblotting (lanes 3 and 4) using antibody directed against TDP-43. Cellular lysates (lanes 1 and 2) were analyzed by Western blotting and probed by antibodies directed against TDP-43, Flag and GAPDH (loading control). e Sucrose equilibrium density gradient fractionation of conditioned medium. The p120K pellet was fractionated through a linear sucrose equilibrium density gradient 9–60% and fractions (× 15), recovered from the top of the gradient, were analyzed by Western blotting using anti-TDP-43 or anti-CD81 and anti-CD63 antibodies for extracellular vesicles markers. Fraction density values (g/cm 3 ) are depicted at the bottom panel. Whole cell lysate (WCL) of co-expressing cells was immunoblotted in parallel using the anti-TDP-43, anti-CD63 and anti-CD81. The bottom panel corresponds to the TCE staining of the SDS-PAGE gel. f Immunogold electron microscopy (IEM) of TDP-43-K263E positive fractions. Positive fractions (10–12) containing the TDP-43-K263E were pooled and analyzed by IEM using anti-TDP-43 labelled with a secondary antibody coupled with 10 nm gold particle. Amorphous and fibrillar structures were labelled (red arrows). Scale bars are 20 and 50 nm

    Article Snippet: The mammalian expression constructs pRK-Flag-USP19 wild-type (USP19 WT , Addgene #78597), USP19 1-1290 (USP19 ΔTM , Addgene #78579), USP19 1-493 (USP19 Nter , Addgene #78581), USP19 494-1318 (USP19 Cter , Addgene #78587) and USP19 C506S (Addgene #78584) were purchased from Addgene and were previously described [ ].

    Techniques: Transmission Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Fractionation, Staining, SDS Page, Electron Microscopy

    Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and RNA sequencing analyses point out ER alterations in TDP-43-K263E and USP19-WT co-expressing cells. a Ultrastructural analyses. TEM of TDP-43-K263E + UPS19-WT (panel i); TDP-43-K263E (panel ii); TDP-43-K263E + USP19-ΔTM (panel iii) and untransfected cells (UT; panel iv as negative control). Black arrows indicate dilated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) accumulation (panels i and v; v-right corresponds to a higher magnification of panel v). White asterisk indicates cytoplasmic aggregates (panel ii). White arrows indicate compact electron dense structures (CEDS; panel iii). Red arrows indicate mitochondria in close contacts with ER (panels v-right to vii). Yellow arrowheads indicate autophagic/endosomal compartments containing ER membrane and dense amorphous structures. (panels v-right, x and xi). Scale bars are 2 and 5 μm. Dotted squares correspond to higher magnification b Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes between TDP-43-K263E/USP19-WT versus TDP-43-K263E/USP19-ΔTM co-expressing cells. Red dots represents upregulated genes (P < 0.05 and Log2FC > 1), blue dots represents downregulated genes (P < 0.05 and Log2FC < -1), and grey dots represent genes that were not differentially expressed. c Bubble plot of the GO Biological process pathway enrichment analysis. The horizontal axis represents the enrichment score (-log10(p-value)), while the vertical axis represents the enriched pathway name. The color scale indicates different thresholds of the p-value, and size of the bubble indicates the number of genes corresponding to each pathway

    Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

    Article Title: Enhanced secretion of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS-associated misfolded TDP-43 mediated by the ER-ubiquitin specific peptidase USP19

    doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05589-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and RNA sequencing analyses point out ER alterations in TDP-43-K263E and USP19-WT co-expressing cells. a Ultrastructural analyses. TEM of TDP-43-K263E + UPS19-WT (panel i); TDP-43-K263E (panel ii); TDP-43-K263E + USP19-ΔTM (panel iii) and untransfected cells (UT; panel iv as negative control). Black arrows indicate dilated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) accumulation (panels i and v; v-right corresponds to a higher magnification of panel v). White asterisk indicates cytoplasmic aggregates (panel ii). White arrows indicate compact electron dense structures (CEDS; panel iii). Red arrows indicate mitochondria in close contacts with ER (panels v-right to vii). Yellow arrowheads indicate autophagic/endosomal compartments containing ER membrane and dense amorphous structures. (panels v-right, x and xi). Scale bars are 2 and 5 μm. Dotted squares correspond to higher magnification b Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes between TDP-43-K263E/USP19-WT versus TDP-43-K263E/USP19-ΔTM co-expressing cells. Red dots represents upregulated genes (P < 0.05 and Log2FC > 1), blue dots represents downregulated genes (P < 0.05 and Log2FC < -1), and grey dots represent genes that were not differentially expressed. c Bubble plot of the GO Biological process pathway enrichment analysis. The horizontal axis represents the enrichment score (-log10(p-value)), while the vertical axis represents the enriched pathway name. The color scale indicates different thresholds of the p-value, and size of the bubble indicates the number of genes corresponding to each pathway

    Article Snippet: The mammalian expression constructs pRK-Flag-USP19 wild-type (USP19 WT , Addgene #78597), USP19 1-1290 (USP19 ΔTM , Addgene #78579), USP19 1-493 (USP19 Nter , Addgene #78581), USP19 494-1318 (USP19 Cter , Addgene #78587) and USP19 C506S (Addgene #78584) were purchased from Addgene and were previously described [ ].

    Techniques: Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, RNA Sequencing, Expressing, Negative Control, Membrane

    TDP-43-K263E colocalizes with USP19-WT and the KDEL-ER marker and coimmunoprecipitates with USP19-WT. a TDP-43 IEM of HEK293T TDP-43-K263E + Flag-WT-USP19 co-expressing cells. Red arrows indicate the TDP-43 gold particles in close contacts with dilated ER structures in the cytoplasm (panel i) or inside autophagic/endosomal compartments (panels iii and iv). Red arrowheads correspond to free TDP-43 aggregates in intracellular compartments (panel ii). White arrowheads correspond to TDP-43 labelling embedded in amorphous structures present in intracellular autophagic/endosomal compartments (panel iv). b Confocal immunofluorescence imaging of TDP-43-K263E + Flag-USP19-WT co-expressing cells. Co-expressing cells were labelled with antibodies directed against the ER KDEL marker (red), the Flag-USP19-WT (magenta), the HA for TDP-43-K263E (green) and the DAPI (blue) for nuclear staining. Scale bar is 10 μm. c ROI 1–2 are depicted in the merge panel. The plot profiles of the ER-KDEL marker (red) with the Flag-USP19-WT (magenta) and the HA-TDP-43-K263E (green) colocalizations (ROI1 and 2) along the ROI lines were constructed and analyzed using Image J software. White arrowheads show other colocalized signals d TDP-43 coimmunoprecipitates with Flag-USP19-WT. Left panel: co-immunoprecipitation experiment was realized on cell lysates from TDP-43-K263E and Flag-USP19-WT co-expressing cells using mouse antibodies directed against the Flag epitope or an irrelevant SARS-CoV2 IgG antibody as negative control. Right panel: Western blotting of HA-TDP-43-K263E and Flag-USP19-WT co-expressing cell lysates (input) using antibodies directed against Flag (for USP19), HA (for TDP-43) and GAPDH

    Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

    Article Title: Enhanced secretion of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS-associated misfolded TDP-43 mediated by the ER-ubiquitin specific peptidase USP19

    doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05589-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: TDP-43-K263E colocalizes with USP19-WT and the KDEL-ER marker and coimmunoprecipitates with USP19-WT. a TDP-43 IEM of HEK293T TDP-43-K263E + Flag-WT-USP19 co-expressing cells. Red arrows indicate the TDP-43 gold particles in close contacts with dilated ER structures in the cytoplasm (panel i) or inside autophagic/endosomal compartments (panels iii and iv). Red arrowheads correspond to free TDP-43 aggregates in intracellular compartments (panel ii). White arrowheads correspond to TDP-43 labelling embedded in amorphous structures present in intracellular autophagic/endosomal compartments (panel iv). b Confocal immunofluorescence imaging of TDP-43-K263E + Flag-USP19-WT co-expressing cells. Co-expressing cells were labelled with antibodies directed against the ER KDEL marker (red), the Flag-USP19-WT (magenta), the HA for TDP-43-K263E (green) and the DAPI (blue) for nuclear staining. Scale bar is 10 μm. c ROI 1–2 are depicted in the merge panel. The plot profiles of the ER-KDEL marker (red) with the Flag-USP19-WT (magenta) and the HA-TDP-43-K263E (green) colocalizations (ROI1 and 2) along the ROI lines were constructed and analyzed using Image J software. White arrowheads show other colocalized signals d TDP-43 coimmunoprecipitates with Flag-USP19-WT. Left panel: co-immunoprecipitation experiment was realized on cell lysates from TDP-43-K263E and Flag-USP19-WT co-expressing cells using mouse antibodies directed against the Flag epitope or an irrelevant SARS-CoV2 IgG antibody as negative control. Right panel: Western blotting of HA-TDP-43-K263E and Flag-USP19-WT co-expressing cell lysates (input) using antibodies directed against Flag (for USP19), HA (for TDP-43) and GAPDH

    Article Snippet: The mammalian expression constructs pRK-Flag-USP19 wild-type (USP19 WT , Addgene #78597), USP19 1-1290 (USP19 ΔTM , Addgene #78579), USP19 1-493 (USP19 Nter , Addgene #78581), USP19 494-1318 (USP19 Cter , Addgene #78587) and USP19 C506S (Addgene #78584) were purchased from Addgene and were previously described [ ].

    Techniques: Marker, Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Imaging, Staining, Construct, Software, Immunoprecipitation, FLAG-tag, Negative Control, Western Blot

    Early autophagic and endosomal compartments are involved in the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT. a Schematic representation of cellular trafficking and inhibition strategies (pharmacological in blue and siRNAs in red) used in this study to identify potential pathways involved in the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19. b-f Evaluation of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19 by FTA in presence of siRNAs control (CT) or siRNAs directed against ATG7 , RAB11A , HRS/HGS , RAB8A or RAB27A . Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from siRNAs CT/targets-treated co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against ATG7, RAB11A, HRS/HGS, RAB8, RAB27A or Flag (for USP19), TDP-43, and GAPDH for loading control. Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by USP19-WT in presence of siRNAs CT and targets ATG7 , RAB11A , HRS/HGS , RAB8A and RAB27A are depicted in the right panels of each condition. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 4 to 6 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (*p < 0.05)

    Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

    Article Title: Enhanced secretion of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS-associated misfolded TDP-43 mediated by the ER-ubiquitin specific peptidase USP19

    doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05589-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Early autophagic and endosomal compartments are involved in the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT. a Schematic representation of cellular trafficking and inhibition strategies (pharmacological in blue and siRNAs in red) used in this study to identify potential pathways involved in the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19. b-f Evaluation of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19 by FTA in presence of siRNAs control (CT) or siRNAs directed against ATG7 , RAB11A , HRS/HGS , RAB8A or RAB27A . Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from siRNAs CT/targets-treated co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against ATG7, RAB11A, HRS/HGS, RAB8, RAB27A or Flag (for USP19), TDP-43, and GAPDH for loading control. Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by USP19-WT in presence of siRNAs CT and targets ATG7 , RAB11A , HRS/HGS , RAB8A and RAB27A are depicted in the right panels of each condition. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 4 to 6 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (*p < 0.05)

    Article Snippet: The mammalian expression constructs pRK-Flag-USP19 wild-type (USP19 WT , Addgene #78597), USP19 1-1290 (USP19 ΔTM , Addgene #78579), USP19 1-493 (USP19 Nter , Addgene #78581), USP19 494-1318 (USP19 Cter , Addgene #78587) and USP19 C506S (Addgene #78584) were purchased from Addgene and were previously described [ ].

    Techniques: Inhibition, Control, Expressing, Western Blot, MANN-WHITNEY

    VAMP7 is a modulator of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT. a Evaluation of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by EGFP-VAMP7-WT and Flag-USP19-WT by FTA. Upper panel (secretion): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against Flag (for USP19), TDP-43, GFP (for VAMP7-WT) and GAPDH for loading control. b Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E in presence of GFP-VAMP7-WT or Flag-USP19-WT expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 4 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test, ns = not significant. c Sucrose equilibrium density gradient fractionation of conditioned medium. The 120,000xg pellet (p120K) from conditioned media of TDP-43-K263E + GFP-VAMP7-WT co-expressing cells were fractionated through a 8–60% linear sucrose equilibrium density gradient and fractions (× 15), recovered from the top were analyzed by Western blotting using anti-TDP-43 or anti-CD81 antibody. Fraction density values (g/cm 3 ) are depicted at the bottom panel. d Evaluation of TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT in presence of EGFP- VAMP7-WT, EGFP-Longin-VAMP7, EGFP-YKT6-WT or EGFP-Longin-YKT6 by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned medium): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against Flag (for USP19), TDP-43, GFP (for VAMP7s and YKT6s) and GAPDH for loading control. e Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by Flag- USP19-WT in presence of VAMP7 or YKT6-WT and -Longins expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 4 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (*p < 0.05), ns = not significant

    Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

    Article Title: Enhanced secretion of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS-associated misfolded TDP-43 mediated by the ER-ubiquitin specific peptidase USP19

    doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05589-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: VAMP7 is a modulator of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT. a Evaluation of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by EGFP-VAMP7-WT and Flag-USP19-WT by FTA. Upper panel (secretion): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against Flag (for USP19), TDP-43, GFP (for VAMP7-WT) and GAPDH for loading control. b Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E in presence of GFP-VAMP7-WT or Flag-USP19-WT expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 4 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test, ns = not significant. c Sucrose equilibrium density gradient fractionation of conditioned medium. The 120,000xg pellet (p120K) from conditioned media of TDP-43-K263E + GFP-VAMP7-WT co-expressing cells were fractionated through a 8–60% linear sucrose equilibrium density gradient and fractions (× 15), recovered from the top were analyzed by Western blotting using anti-TDP-43 or anti-CD81 antibody. Fraction density values (g/cm 3 ) are depicted at the bottom panel. d Evaluation of TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT in presence of EGFP- VAMP7-WT, EGFP-Longin-VAMP7, EGFP-YKT6-WT or EGFP-Longin-YKT6 by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned medium): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against Flag (for USP19), TDP-43, GFP (for VAMP7s and YKT6s) and GAPDH for loading control. e Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by Flag- USP19-WT in presence of VAMP7 or YKT6-WT and -Longins expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 4 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (*p < 0.05), ns = not significant

    Article Snippet: The mammalian expression constructs pRK-Flag-USP19 wild-type (USP19 WT , Addgene #78597), USP19 1-1290 (USP19 ΔTM , Addgene #78579), USP19 1-493 (USP19 Nter , Addgene #78581), USP19 494-1318 (USP19 Cter , Addgene #78587) and USP19 C506S (Addgene #78584) were purchased from Addgene and were previously described [ ].

    Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Fractionation

    DNAJC5/CSPα is a modulator of the misfolded TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by Flag-USP19-WT. a Evaluation of TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by 3x-Flag-CSPα-WT or the phospho-deficient CSPα-S10A by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against HA (for HA tagged TDP-43), CSPα and GAPDH for loading control. b Evaluation of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT in presence of CSPα-WT or CSPα-S10A mutant by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against Flag (for Flag-USP19-WT), TDP-43, CSPα and GAPDH for loading control. c Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by USP19-WT in presence of CSPα-WT or the phosphor-deficient CSPα-S10A expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 5 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (**p < 0.001). d Evaluation of TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by Flag-USP19-WT in presence of siRNAs CT or siRNAs directed against CSPα by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells treated with siRNAs CT or against CSPα using antibodies directed against CSPα, Flag (for Flag-USP19-WT), TDP-43, or GAPDH for loading control. e Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by USP19-WT in presence of siRNAs CT or siRNAs CSPα. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 3 experiments

    Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

    Article Title: Enhanced secretion of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS-associated misfolded TDP-43 mediated by the ER-ubiquitin specific peptidase USP19

    doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05589-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: DNAJC5/CSPα is a modulator of the misfolded TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by Flag-USP19-WT. a Evaluation of TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by 3x-Flag-CSPα-WT or the phospho-deficient CSPα-S10A by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against HA (for HA tagged TDP-43), CSPα and GAPDH for loading control. b Evaluation of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT in presence of CSPα-WT or CSPα-S10A mutant by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against Flag (for Flag-USP19-WT), TDP-43, CSPα and GAPDH for loading control. c Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by USP19-WT in presence of CSPα-WT or the phosphor-deficient CSPα-S10A expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 5 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (**p < 0.001). d Evaluation of TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by Flag-USP19-WT in presence of siRNAs CT or siRNAs directed against CSPα by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells treated with siRNAs CT or against CSPα using antibodies directed against CSPα, Flag (for Flag-USP19-WT), TDP-43, or GAPDH for loading control. e Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by USP19-WT in presence of siRNAs CT or siRNAs CSPα. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 3 experiments

    Article Snippet: The mammalian expression constructs pRK-Flag-USP19 wild-type (USP19 WT , Addgene #78597), USP19 1-1290 (USP19 ΔTM , Addgene #78579), USP19 1-493 (USP19 Nter , Addgene #78581), USP19 494-1318 (USP19 Cter , Addgene #78587) and USP19 C506S (Addgene #78584) were purchased from Addgene and were previously described [ ].

    Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control, Mutagenesis, MANN-WHITNEY

    The ER-anchored USP19 promotes the secretion of misfolded TDP-43 in the HEK293T cellular model. a Schematic representation of Flag-USP19 constructs used in this study. The C506 residue represents an essential amino acid residue necessary for the ubiquitin peptidase catalytic activity. CS 1&2 CHORD-containing proteins and STG1, UBL ubiquitin-like, USP ubiquitin-specific peptidase, TM transmembrane domain, ZnF zinc finger, ΔTM deleted for the transmembrane domain. The pink star represents the amino terminal Flag tag. b Schematic representation of the full-length TDP-43 (upper panel). The K263E variant is highlighted in blue. LCD Low Complexity Domain, NLS nuclear localization sequences, NTD N-terminal domain, RRM1&2 RNA recognition motif 1&2. HEK293T cells were transfected with TDP-43-WT or TDP-43-K263E encoding constructs and were visualized by immunofluorescence using anti-TDP-43 antibody. Blue signal corresponds to DAPI for nuclei and green signal to TDP-43. Scale bar is 10 µm. c Immunoblotting of sarkosyl soluble supernatant (Sark-sol) and sarkosyl insoluble pellet (Sark-ins) fractions isolated from control HEK293T cells (lanes 1 and 4), or cells expressing TDP-43-WT (lanes 2 and 5) or TDP-43-K263E (lanes 3 and 6) using antibodies directed against TDP-43 and GAPDH as loading control. d Evaluation of misfolded TDP-43 secretion by filter trap assay (FTA). Presence of misfolded TDP-43 in conditioned media from HEK293T cells overexpressing TDP-43-WT and TDP-43-K263E and the different Flag-USP19 or the empty vector (negative control) was monitored by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using anti-Flag (for USP19), -TDP-43 and -GAPDH antibodies for loading control. e Quantification of secreted TDP-43 upon USP19 expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 5 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test ( **p < 0.001 ). f USP19-WT or USP19-ΔTM and TDP-43-K263E overexpression does not affect plasma membrane permeability and cell viability. HEK293T cells transfected with the indicated plasmids were stained with trypan blue and counted. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 3 experiments

    Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

    Article Title: Enhanced secretion of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS-associated misfolded TDP-43 mediated by the ER-ubiquitin specific peptidase USP19

    doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05589-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The ER-anchored USP19 promotes the secretion of misfolded TDP-43 in the HEK293T cellular model. a Schematic representation of Flag-USP19 constructs used in this study. The C506 residue represents an essential amino acid residue necessary for the ubiquitin peptidase catalytic activity. CS 1&2 CHORD-containing proteins and STG1, UBL ubiquitin-like, USP ubiquitin-specific peptidase, TM transmembrane domain, ZnF zinc finger, ΔTM deleted for the transmembrane domain. The pink star represents the amino terminal Flag tag. b Schematic representation of the full-length TDP-43 (upper panel). The K263E variant is highlighted in blue. LCD Low Complexity Domain, NLS nuclear localization sequences, NTD N-terminal domain, RRM1&2 RNA recognition motif 1&2. HEK293T cells were transfected with TDP-43-WT or TDP-43-K263E encoding constructs and were visualized by immunofluorescence using anti-TDP-43 antibody. Blue signal corresponds to DAPI for nuclei and green signal to TDP-43. Scale bar is 10 µm. c Immunoblotting of sarkosyl soluble supernatant (Sark-sol) and sarkosyl insoluble pellet (Sark-ins) fractions isolated from control HEK293T cells (lanes 1 and 4), or cells expressing TDP-43-WT (lanes 2 and 5) or TDP-43-K263E (lanes 3 and 6) using antibodies directed against TDP-43 and GAPDH as loading control. d Evaluation of misfolded TDP-43 secretion by filter trap assay (FTA). Presence of misfolded TDP-43 in conditioned media from HEK293T cells overexpressing TDP-43-WT and TDP-43-K263E and the different Flag-USP19 or the empty vector (negative control) was monitored by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using anti-Flag (for USP19), -TDP-43 and -GAPDH antibodies for loading control. e Quantification of secreted TDP-43 upon USP19 expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 5 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test ( **p < 0.001 ). f USP19-WT or USP19-ΔTM and TDP-43-K263E overexpression does not affect plasma membrane permeability and cell viability. HEK293T cells transfected with the indicated plasmids were stained with trypan blue and counted. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 3 experiments

    Article Snippet: The mammalian expression constructs pRK-Flag-USP19 wild-type (USP19 WT , Addgene #78597), USP19 1-1290 (USP19 ΔTM , Addgene #78579), USP19 1-493 (USP19 Nter , Addgene #78581), USP19 494-1318 (USP19 Cter , Addgene #78587) and USP19 C506S (Addgene #78584) were purchased from Addgene and were previously described [ ].

    Techniques: Construct, Residue, Ubiquitin Proteomics, Activity Assay, FLAG-tag, Variant Assay, Transfection, Immunofluorescence, Western Blot, Isolation, Control, Expressing, TRAP Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Negative Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Over Expression, Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Permeability, Staining

    The ubiquitin peptidase activity is essential for TDP-43-K263E secretion in USP19 context. a Schematic representation of Flag-USP19 constructs. The USP19-C506S corresponds to an ER-anchored but ubiquitin peptidase catalytically inactive mutant. b Ubiquitination level in cell lysates of co-expressing cells. Immunoblotting of cell lysates from TDP-43-K263E and the indicated Flag-USP19 co-expressing cell using antibodies directed against Ubiquitin or GAPDH as loading control. c Evaluation of misfolded TDP-43 secretion by FTA. Presence of misfolded TDP-43 in conditioned media from HEK293T cells overexpressing the TDP-43-K263E, the WT, the ΔTM or the C506S Flag-USP19, was monitored by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using anti-Flag (for USP19), -TDP-43 and -GAPDH antibodies for loading control. d Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E upon USP19s expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 5 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (** p < 0.001). e TDP-43-K263E deubiquitination is promoted by USP19-WT. Lysates from HEK293T cells co-expressing Myc-TDP-43-K263E and HA-Ubiquitin-WT with Flag-USP19-C506S (ubiquitin peptidase deficient mutant; lane 1) or Flag-USP19-WT (lane 2) were immunoprecipitated with anti-Myc and immunoblotted with anti-HA and anti-Myc. Whole cell lysates (WCL; 5 μg/input) from co-expressing cells were immunoblotted using anti-Myc, anti-Flag and anti-GAPDH for loading control. Asterisks correspond to heavy and light chains of immunoglobulins used during the immunoprecipitation

    Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

    Article Title: Enhanced secretion of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS-associated misfolded TDP-43 mediated by the ER-ubiquitin specific peptidase USP19

    doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05589-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The ubiquitin peptidase activity is essential for TDP-43-K263E secretion in USP19 context. a Schematic representation of Flag-USP19 constructs. The USP19-C506S corresponds to an ER-anchored but ubiquitin peptidase catalytically inactive mutant. b Ubiquitination level in cell lysates of co-expressing cells. Immunoblotting of cell lysates from TDP-43-K263E and the indicated Flag-USP19 co-expressing cell using antibodies directed against Ubiquitin or GAPDH as loading control. c Evaluation of misfolded TDP-43 secretion by FTA. Presence of misfolded TDP-43 in conditioned media from HEK293T cells overexpressing the TDP-43-K263E, the WT, the ΔTM or the C506S Flag-USP19, was monitored by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using anti-Flag (for USP19), -TDP-43 and -GAPDH antibodies for loading control. d Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E upon USP19s expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 5 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (** p < 0.001). e TDP-43-K263E deubiquitination is promoted by USP19-WT. Lysates from HEK293T cells co-expressing Myc-TDP-43-K263E and HA-Ubiquitin-WT with Flag-USP19-C506S (ubiquitin peptidase deficient mutant; lane 1) or Flag-USP19-WT (lane 2) were immunoprecipitated with anti-Myc and immunoblotted with anti-HA and anti-Myc. Whole cell lysates (WCL; 5 μg/input) from co-expressing cells were immunoblotted using anti-Myc, anti-Flag and anti-GAPDH for loading control. Asterisks correspond to heavy and light chains of immunoglobulins used during the immunoprecipitation

    Article Snippet: The mammalian expression constructs pRK-Flag-USP19 wild-type (USP19 WT , Addgene #78597), USP19 1-1290 (USP19 ΔTM , Addgene #78579), USP19 1-493 (USP19 Nter , Addgene #78581), USP19 494-1318 (USP19 Cter , Addgene #78587) and USP19 C506S (Addgene #78584) were purchased from Addgene and were previously described [ ].

    Techniques: Ubiquitin Proteomics, Activity Assay, Construct, Mutagenesis, Expressing, Western Blot, Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Immunoprecipitation

    The ER-anchored USP19 promotes the secretion of free TDP-43-K263E fibrils in the conditioned medium. a Transmission of misfolded HA-TDP-43-K263E to naïve HEK293T cells. Naive HEK293T cells were cocultured with conditioned media from HEK293T co-expressing cells Flag-USP19-WT or − ΔTM with HA-TDP-43-K263E during 72 h. b After 3 days, cells were washed and analyzed by Western blotting using anti-HA and anti-GAPDH as loading control. c Quantification of n = 5 independent experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (**p < 0.001). d Aggregated TDP-43 levels in conditioned media from HEK293T cells overexpressing TDP-43-K263E and the Flag-USP19 WT and ΔTM were precleared to eliminate cellular debris and ultracentrifuged at 120,000 g pellet (p120K pellet) and analyzed by immunoblotting (lanes 3 and 4) using antibody directed against TDP-43. Cellular lysates (lanes 1 and 2) were analyzed by Western blotting and probed by antibodies directed against TDP-43, Flag and GAPDH (loading control). e Sucrose equilibrium density gradient fractionation of conditioned medium. The p120K pellet was fractionated through a linear sucrose equilibrium density gradient 9–60% and fractions (× 15), recovered from the top of the gradient, were analyzed by Western blotting using anti-TDP-43 or anti-CD81 and anti-CD63 antibodies for extracellular vesicles markers. Fraction density values (g/cm 3 ) are depicted at the bottom panel. Whole cell lysate (WCL) of co-expressing cells was immunoblotted in parallel using the anti-TDP-43, anti-CD63 and anti-CD81. The bottom panel corresponds to the TCE staining of the SDS-PAGE gel. f Immunogold electron microscopy (IEM) of TDP-43-K263E positive fractions. Positive fractions (10–12) containing the TDP-43-K263E were pooled and analyzed by IEM using anti-TDP-43 labelled with a secondary antibody coupled with 10 nm gold particle. Amorphous and fibrillar structures were labelled (red arrows). Scale bars are 20 and 50 nm

    Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

    Article Title: Enhanced secretion of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS-associated misfolded TDP-43 mediated by the ER-ubiquitin specific peptidase USP19

    doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05589-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The ER-anchored USP19 promotes the secretion of free TDP-43-K263E fibrils in the conditioned medium. a Transmission of misfolded HA-TDP-43-K263E to naïve HEK293T cells. Naive HEK293T cells were cocultured with conditioned media from HEK293T co-expressing cells Flag-USP19-WT or − ΔTM with HA-TDP-43-K263E during 72 h. b After 3 days, cells were washed and analyzed by Western blotting using anti-HA and anti-GAPDH as loading control. c Quantification of n = 5 independent experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (**p < 0.001). d Aggregated TDP-43 levels in conditioned media from HEK293T cells overexpressing TDP-43-K263E and the Flag-USP19 WT and ΔTM were precleared to eliminate cellular debris and ultracentrifuged at 120,000 g pellet (p120K pellet) and analyzed by immunoblotting (lanes 3 and 4) using antibody directed against TDP-43. Cellular lysates (lanes 1 and 2) were analyzed by Western blotting and probed by antibodies directed against TDP-43, Flag and GAPDH (loading control). e Sucrose equilibrium density gradient fractionation of conditioned medium. The p120K pellet was fractionated through a linear sucrose equilibrium density gradient 9–60% and fractions (× 15), recovered from the top of the gradient, were analyzed by Western blotting using anti-TDP-43 or anti-CD81 and anti-CD63 antibodies for extracellular vesicles markers. Fraction density values (g/cm 3 ) are depicted at the bottom panel. Whole cell lysate (WCL) of co-expressing cells was immunoblotted in parallel using the anti-TDP-43, anti-CD63 and anti-CD81. The bottom panel corresponds to the TCE staining of the SDS-PAGE gel. f Immunogold electron microscopy (IEM) of TDP-43-K263E positive fractions. Positive fractions (10–12) containing the TDP-43-K263E were pooled and analyzed by IEM using anti-TDP-43 labelled with a secondary antibody coupled with 10 nm gold particle. Amorphous and fibrillar structures were labelled (red arrows). Scale bars are 20 and 50 nm

    Article Snippet: The mammalian expression constructs pRK-Flag-USP19 wild-type (USP19 WT , Addgene #78597), USP19 1-1290 (USP19 ΔTM , Addgene #78579), USP19 1-493 (USP19 Nter , Addgene #78581), USP19 494-1318 (USP19 Cter , Addgene #78587) and USP19 C506S (Addgene #78584) were purchased from Addgene and were previously described [ ].

    Techniques: Transmission Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Fractionation, Staining, SDS Page, Electron Microscopy

    Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and RNA sequencing analyses point out ER alterations in TDP-43-K263E and USP19-WT co-expressing cells. a Ultrastructural analyses. TEM of TDP-43-K263E + UPS19-WT (panel i); TDP-43-K263E (panel ii); TDP-43-K263E + USP19-ΔTM (panel iii) and untransfected cells (UT; panel iv as negative control). Black arrows indicate dilated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) accumulation (panels i and v; v-right corresponds to a higher magnification of panel v). White asterisk indicates cytoplasmic aggregates (panel ii). White arrows indicate compact electron dense structures (CEDS; panel iii). Red arrows indicate mitochondria in close contacts with ER (panels v-right to vii). Yellow arrowheads indicate autophagic/endosomal compartments containing ER membrane and dense amorphous structures. (panels v-right, x and xi). Scale bars are 2 and 5 μm. Dotted squares correspond to higher magnification b Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes between TDP-43-K263E/USP19-WT versus TDP-43-K263E/USP19-ΔTM co-expressing cells. Red dots represents upregulated genes (P < 0.05 and Log2FC > 1), blue dots represents downregulated genes (P < 0.05 and Log2FC < -1), and grey dots represent genes that were not differentially expressed. c Bubble plot of the GO Biological process pathway enrichment analysis. The horizontal axis represents the enrichment score (-log10(p-value)), while the vertical axis represents the enriched pathway name. The color scale indicates different thresholds of the p-value, and size of the bubble indicates the number of genes corresponding to each pathway

    Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

    Article Title: Enhanced secretion of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS-associated misfolded TDP-43 mediated by the ER-ubiquitin specific peptidase USP19

    doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05589-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and RNA sequencing analyses point out ER alterations in TDP-43-K263E and USP19-WT co-expressing cells. a Ultrastructural analyses. TEM of TDP-43-K263E + UPS19-WT (panel i); TDP-43-K263E (panel ii); TDP-43-K263E + USP19-ΔTM (panel iii) and untransfected cells (UT; panel iv as negative control). Black arrows indicate dilated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) accumulation (panels i and v; v-right corresponds to a higher magnification of panel v). White asterisk indicates cytoplasmic aggregates (panel ii). White arrows indicate compact electron dense structures (CEDS; panel iii). Red arrows indicate mitochondria in close contacts with ER (panels v-right to vii). Yellow arrowheads indicate autophagic/endosomal compartments containing ER membrane and dense amorphous structures. (panels v-right, x and xi). Scale bars are 2 and 5 μm. Dotted squares correspond to higher magnification b Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes between TDP-43-K263E/USP19-WT versus TDP-43-K263E/USP19-ΔTM co-expressing cells. Red dots represents upregulated genes (P < 0.05 and Log2FC > 1), blue dots represents downregulated genes (P < 0.05 and Log2FC < -1), and grey dots represent genes that were not differentially expressed. c Bubble plot of the GO Biological process pathway enrichment analysis. The horizontal axis represents the enrichment score (-log10(p-value)), while the vertical axis represents the enriched pathway name. The color scale indicates different thresholds of the p-value, and size of the bubble indicates the number of genes corresponding to each pathway

    Article Snippet: The mammalian expression constructs pRK-Flag-USP19 wild-type (USP19 WT , Addgene #78597), USP19 1-1290 (USP19 ΔTM , Addgene #78579), USP19 1-493 (USP19 Nter , Addgene #78581), USP19 494-1318 (USP19 Cter , Addgene #78587) and USP19 C506S (Addgene #78584) were purchased from Addgene and were previously described [ ].

    Techniques: Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, RNA Sequencing, Expressing, Negative Control, Membrane

    TDP-43-K263E colocalizes with USP19-WT and the KDEL-ER marker and coimmunoprecipitates with USP19-WT. a TDP-43 IEM of HEK293T TDP-43-K263E + Flag-WT-USP19 co-expressing cells. Red arrows indicate the TDP-43 gold particles in close contacts with dilated ER structures in the cytoplasm (panel i) or inside autophagic/endosomal compartments (panels iii and iv). Red arrowheads correspond to free TDP-43 aggregates in intracellular compartments (panel ii). White arrowheads correspond to TDP-43 labelling embedded in amorphous structures present in intracellular autophagic/endosomal compartments (panel iv). b Confocal immunofluorescence imaging of TDP-43-K263E + Flag-USP19-WT co-expressing cells. Co-expressing cells were labelled with antibodies directed against the ER KDEL marker (red), the Flag-USP19-WT (magenta), the HA for TDP-43-K263E (green) and the DAPI (blue) for nuclear staining. Scale bar is 10 μm. c ROI 1–2 are depicted in the merge panel. The plot profiles of the ER-KDEL marker (red) with the Flag-USP19-WT (magenta) and the HA-TDP-43-K263E (green) colocalizations (ROI1 and 2) along the ROI lines were constructed and analyzed using Image J software. White arrowheads show other colocalized signals d TDP-43 coimmunoprecipitates with Flag-USP19-WT. Left panel: co-immunoprecipitation experiment was realized on cell lysates from TDP-43-K263E and Flag-USP19-WT co-expressing cells using mouse antibodies directed against the Flag epitope or an irrelevant SARS-CoV2 IgG antibody as negative control. Right panel: Western blotting of HA-TDP-43-K263E and Flag-USP19-WT co-expressing cell lysates (input) using antibodies directed against Flag (for USP19), HA (for TDP-43) and GAPDH

    Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

    Article Title: Enhanced secretion of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS-associated misfolded TDP-43 mediated by the ER-ubiquitin specific peptidase USP19

    doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05589-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: TDP-43-K263E colocalizes with USP19-WT and the KDEL-ER marker and coimmunoprecipitates with USP19-WT. a TDP-43 IEM of HEK293T TDP-43-K263E + Flag-WT-USP19 co-expressing cells. Red arrows indicate the TDP-43 gold particles in close contacts with dilated ER structures in the cytoplasm (panel i) or inside autophagic/endosomal compartments (panels iii and iv). Red arrowheads correspond to free TDP-43 aggregates in intracellular compartments (panel ii). White arrowheads correspond to TDP-43 labelling embedded in amorphous structures present in intracellular autophagic/endosomal compartments (panel iv). b Confocal immunofluorescence imaging of TDP-43-K263E + Flag-USP19-WT co-expressing cells. Co-expressing cells were labelled with antibodies directed against the ER KDEL marker (red), the Flag-USP19-WT (magenta), the HA for TDP-43-K263E (green) and the DAPI (blue) for nuclear staining. Scale bar is 10 μm. c ROI 1–2 are depicted in the merge panel. The plot profiles of the ER-KDEL marker (red) with the Flag-USP19-WT (magenta) and the HA-TDP-43-K263E (green) colocalizations (ROI1 and 2) along the ROI lines were constructed and analyzed using Image J software. White arrowheads show other colocalized signals d TDP-43 coimmunoprecipitates with Flag-USP19-WT. Left panel: co-immunoprecipitation experiment was realized on cell lysates from TDP-43-K263E and Flag-USP19-WT co-expressing cells using mouse antibodies directed against the Flag epitope or an irrelevant SARS-CoV2 IgG antibody as negative control. Right panel: Western blotting of HA-TDP-43-K263E and Flag-USP19-WT co-expressing cell lysates (input) using antibodies directed against Flag (for USP19), HA (for TDP-43) and GAPDH

    Article Snippet: The mammalian expression constructs pRK-Flag-USP19 wild-type (USP19 WT , Addgene #78597), USP19 1-1290 (USP19 ΔTM , Addgene #78579), USP19 1-493 (USP19 Nter , Addgene #78581), USP19 494-1318 (USP19 Cter , Addgene #78587) and USP19 C506S (Addgene #78584) were purchased from Addgene and were previously described [ ].

    Techniques: Marker, Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Imaging, Staining, Construct, Software, Immunoprecipitation, FLAG-tag, Negative Control, Western Blot

    Early autophagic and endosomal compartments are involved in the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT. a Schematic representation of cellular trafficking and inhibition strategies (pharmacological in blue and siRNAs in red) used in this study to identify potential pathways involved in the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19. b-f Evaluation of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19 by FTA in presence of siRNAs control (CT) or siRNAs directed against ATG7 , RAB11A , HRS/HGS , RAB8A or RAB27A . Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from siRNAs CT/targets-treated co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against ATG7, RAB11A, HRS/HGS, RAB8, RAB27A or Flag (for USP19), TDP-43, and GAPDH for loading control. Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by USP19-WT in presence of siRNAs CT and targets ATG7 , RAB11A , HRS/HGS , RAB8A and RAB27A are depicted in the right panels of each condition. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 4 to 6 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (*p < 0.05)

    Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

    Article Title: Enhanced secretion of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS-associated misfolded TDP-43 mediated by the ER-ubiquitin specific peptidase USP19

    doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05589-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Early autophagic and endosomal compartments are involved in the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT. a Schematic representation of cellular trafficking and inhibition strategies (pharmacological in blue and siRNAs in red) used in this study to identify potential pathways involved in the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19. b-f Evaluation of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19 by FTA in presence of siRNAs control (CT) or siRNAs directed against ATG7 , RAB11A , HRS/HGS , RAB8A or RAB27A . Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from siRNAs CT/targets-treated co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against ATG7, RAB11A, HRS/HGS, RAB8, RAB27A or Flag (for USP19), TDP-43, and GAPDH for loading control. Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by USP19-WT in presence of siRNAs CT and targets ATG7 , RAB11A , HRS/HGS , RAB8A and RAB27A are depicted in the right panels of each condition. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 4 to 6 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (*p < 0.05)

    Article Snippet: The mammalian expression constructs pRK-Flag-USP19 wild-type (USP19 WT , Addgene #78597), USP19 1-1290 (USP19 ΔTM , Addgene #78579), USP19 1-493 (USP19 Nter , Addgene #78581), USP19 494-1318 (USP19 Cter , Addgene #78587) and USP19 C506S (Addgene #78584) were purchased from Addgene and were previously described [ ].

    Techniques: Inhibition, Control, Expressing, Western Blot, MANN-WHITNEY

    VAMP7 is a modulator of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT. a Evaluation of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by EGFP-VAMP7-WT and Flag-USP19-WT by FTA. Upper panel (secretion): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against Flag (for USP19), TDP-43, GFP (for VAMP7-WT) and GAPDH for loading control. b Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E in presence of GFP-VAMP7-WT or Flag-USP19-WT expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 4 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test, ns = not significant. c Sucrose equilibrium density gradient fractionation of conditioned medium. The 120,000xg pellet (p120K) from conditioned media of TDP-43-K263E + GFP-VAMP7-WT co-expressing cells were fractionated through a 8–60% linear sucrose equilibrium density gradient and fractions (× 15), recovered from the top were analyzed by Western blotting using anti-TDP-43 or anti-CD81 antibody. Fraction density values (g/cm 3 ) are depicted at the bottom panel. d Evaluation of TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT in presence of EGFP- VAMP7-WT, EGFP-Longin-VAMP7, EGFP-YKT6-WT or EGFP-Longin-YKT6 by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned medium): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against Flag (for USP19), TDP-43, GFP (for VAMP7s and YKT6s) and GAPDH for loading control. e Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by Flag- USP19-WT in presence of VAMP7 or YKT6-WT and -Longins expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 4 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (*p < 0.05), ns = not significant

    Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

    Article Title: Enhanced secretion of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS-associated misfolded TDP-43 mediated by the ER-ubiquitin specific peptidase USP19

    doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05589-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: VAMP7 is a modulator of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT. a Evaluation of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by EGFP-VAMP7-WT and Flag-USP19-WT by FTA. Upper panel (secretion): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against Flag (for USP19), TDP-43, GFP (for VAMP7-WT) and GAPDH for loading control. b Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E in presence of GFP-VAMP7-WT or Flag-USP19-WT expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 4 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test, ns = not significant. c Sucrose equilibrium density gradient fractionation of conditioned medium. The 120,000xg pellet (p120K) from conditioned media of TDP-43-K263E + GFP-VAMP7-WT co-expressing cells were fractionated through a 8–60% linear sucrose equilibrium density gradient and fractions (× 15), recovered from the top were analyzed by Western blotting using anti-TDP-43 or anti-CD81 antibody. Fraction density values (g/cm 3 ) are depicted at the bottom panel. d Evaluation of TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT in presence of EGFP- VAMP7-WT, EGFP-Longin-VAMP7, EGFP-YKT6-WT or EGFP-Longin-YKT6 by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned medium): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against Flag (for USP19), TDP-43, GFP (for VAMP7s and YKT6s) and GAPDH for loading control. e Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by Flag- USP19-WT in presence of VAMP7 or YKT6-WT and -Longins expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 4 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (*p < 0.05), ns = not significant

    Article Snippet: The mammalian expression constructs pRK-Flag-USP19 wild-type (USP19 WT , Addgene #78597), USP19 1-1290 (USP19 ΔTM , Addgene #78579), USP19 1-493 (USP19 Nter , Addgene #78581), USP19 494-1318 (USP19 Cter , Addgene #78587) and USP19 C506S (Addgene #78584) were purchased from Addgene and were previously described [ ].

    Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Fractionation

    DNAJC5/CSPα is a modulator of the misfolded TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by Flag-USP19-WT. a Evaluation of TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by 3x-Flag-CSPα-WT or the phospho-deficient CSPα-S10A by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against HA (for HA tagged TDP-43), CSPα and GAPDH for loading control. b Evaluation of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT in presence of CSPα-WT or CSPα-S10A mutant by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against Flag (for Flag-USP19-WT), TDP-43, CSPα and GAPDH for loading control. c Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by USP19-WT in presence of CSPα-WT or the phosphor-deficient CSPα-S10A expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 5 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (**p < 0.001). d Evaluation of TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by Flag-USP19-WT in presence of siRNAs CT or siRNAs directed against CSPα by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells treated with siRNAs CT or against CSPα using antibodies directed against CSPα, Flag (for Flag-USP19-WT), TDP-43, or GAPDH for loading control. e Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by USP19-WT in presence of siRNAs CT or siRNAs CSPα. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 3 experiments

    Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

    Article Title: Enhanced secretion of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS-associated misfolded TDP-43 mediated by the ER-ubiquitin specific peptidase USP19

    doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05589-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: DNAJC5/CSPα is a modulator of the misfolded TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by Flag-USP19-WT. a Evaluation of TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by 3x-Flag-CSPα-WT or the phospho-deficient CSPα-S10A by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against HA (for HA tagged TDP-43), CSPα and GAPDH for loading control. b Evaluation of the TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by USP19-WT in presence of CSPα-WT or CSPα-S10A mutant by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells using antibodies directed against Flag (for Flag-USP19-WT), TDP-43, CSPα and GAPDH for loading control. c Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by USP19-WT in presence of CSPα-WT or the phosphor-deficient CSPα-S10A expression. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 5 experiments. Significance was assessed by a Mann–Whitney U test (**p < 0.001). d Evaluation of TDP-43-K263E secretion mediated by Flag-USP19-WT in presence of siRNAs CT or siRNAs directed against CSPα by FTA. Upper panel (secretion/conditioned media): nitrocellulose membranes were probed with an antibody directed against TDP-43. Lower panel (cell expression): Western blotting of cell lysates from co-expressing cells treated with siRNAs CT or against CSPα using antibodies directed against CSPα, Flag (for Flag-USP19-WT), TDP-43, or GAPDH for loading control. e Quantification of secreted TDP-43-K263E mediated by USP19-WT in presence of siRNAs CT or siRNAs CSPα. Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 3 experiments

    Article Snippet: The mammalian expression constructs pRK-Flag-USP19 wild-type (USP19 WT , Addgene #78597), USP19 1-1290 (USP19 ΔTM , Addgene #78579), USP19 1-493 (USP19 Nter , Addgene #78581), USP19 494-1318 (USP19 Cter , Addgene #78587) and USP19 C506S (Addgene #78584) were purchased from Addgene and were previously described [ ].

    Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control, Mutagenesis, MANN-WHITNEY

    List of antibodies used in this study

    Journal: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP

    Article Title: Proteomic Characterization of Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase 19 Deficient Cells Reveals a Role for USP19 in the Secretion of Lysosomal Proteins

    doi: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100854

    Figure Lengend Snippet: List of antibodies used in this study

    Article Snippet: Two different constructs were used to rescue USP19 expression in USP19KO HEK cells, pRK-FLAG-USP19 (plasmid # 78597 from Addgene), and pEGFP-rUSP19ER (plasmid # 155247, Addgene), while pCMV3-C-GFPSpark (SinoBiological Eschborn) was used as a control.

    Techniques: Ubiquitin Proteomics

    A high-resolution mass spectrometry–based approach identifies proteins differentially abundant in the secretome of USP19 KO HEK cells. A , volcano plot showing the −Log10 of p -values versus the Log2 of protein ratio between USP19KO HEK (USP19KO) and USP19WT HEK cells of 1676 proteins (n = 6). Proteins significantly more abundant in the secretome of USP19KO cells are displayed as red filled dots, while less abundant proteins are displayed as blue filled dots. The solid black hyperbolic curves display the FDR at 0.05 and the dashed curves at 0.01. Unaltered proteins are displayed as the gray dots below the FDR curve. The Venn diagram in the inset displays the number of proteins identified in the secretome of WT or USP19KO cells and the number of proteins found in both secretomes. B , Western blot showing levels of USP19 in WT and USP19KO HEKs (Please note that this blot was made using the anti-USP19 clone A301-586A from Bethyl Laboratories, which was eventually discontinued; all other USP19 blots shown in this study were obtained with the anti-USP19 clone A301-587A from the same vendor). C , number and subcellular location of proteins detected in the secretome of USP19KO cells. D , gene ontology and ( E ) KEGG pathways analysis of proteins regulated (FDR p = 0.05) in USP19KO cells to identify biological functions of USP19.

    Journal: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP

    Article Title: Proteomic Characterization of Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase 19 Deficient Cells Reveals a Role for USP19 in the Secretion of Lysosomal Proteins

    doi: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100854

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A high-resolution mass spectrometry–based approach identifies proteins differentially abundant in the secretome of USP19 KO HEK cells. A , volcano plot showing the −Log10 of p -values versus the Log2 of protein ratio between USP19KO HEK (USP19KO) and USP19WT HEK cells of 1676 proteins (n = 6). Proteins significantly more abundant in the secretome of USP19KO cells are displayed as red filled dots, while less abundant proteins are displayed as blue filled dots. The solid black hyperbolic curves display the FDR at 0.05 and the dashed curves at 0.01. Unaltered proteins are displayed as the gray dots below the FDR curve. The Venn diagram in the inset displays the number of proteins identified in the secretome of WT or USP19KO cells and the number of proteins found in both secretomes. B , Western blot showing levels of USP19 in WT and USP19KO HEKs (Please note that this blot was made using the anti-USP19 clone A301-586A from Bethyl Laboratories, which was eventually discontinued; all other USP19 blots shown in this study were obtained with the anti-USP19 clone A301-587A from the same vendor). C , number and subcellular location of proteins detected in the secretome of USP19KO cells. D , gene ontology and ( E ) KEGG pathways analysis of proteins regulated (FDR p = 0.05) in USP19KO cells to identify biological functions of USP19.

    Article Snippet: Two different constructs were used to rescue USP19 expression in USP19KO HEK cells, pRK-FLAG-USP19 (plasmid # 78597 from Addgene), and pEGFP-rUSP19ER (plasmid # 155247, Addgene), while pCMV3-C-GFPSpark (SinoBiological Eschborn) was used as a control.

    Techniques: Mass Spectrometry, Western Blot

    Subcellular location analysis of proteins secreted by USP19KO HEK cells . A , analysis of subcellular locations among proteins regulated in USP19KO cells. For each displayed subcellular location, the ratio between the number of regulated proteins with a specific subcellular location (RegSL) and the total number of regulated proteins (RegTot) was normalized in a logarithmic scale against the ratio between the total number of proteins with a specific subcellular location (TOTSL) and the total number of proteins detected in the secretome (TOT). B , analysis of changes in subcellular locations among proteins regulated in USP19KO cells. For each displayed subcellular location, the ratio between the number of upregulated and downregulated proteins with a specific subcellular location (Up SL and Down SL, respectively) was normalized in a logarithmic scale against the ratio between the total number of upregulated proteins (UP tot) and downregulated proteins (Down tot). Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis of the number ( C ) and size ( D ) of extracellular vesicles released by USP19WT or KO HEK293T cells. Western blots ( E ) and relative band quantifications ( F ) of LAMP1, p62, and LC3B in the lysate of WT and USP19KO HEKs. Loss of USP19 in KO cells is also displayed (∗ indicates a nonspecific band that does not disappear when USP19 is ablated), and actin was used as a loading control.

    Journal: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP

    Article Title: Proteomic Characterization of Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase 19 Deficient Cells Reveals a Role for USP19 in the Secretion of Lysosomal Proteins

    doi: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100854

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Subcellular location analysis of proteins secreted by USP19KO HEK cells . A , analysis of subcellular locations among proteins regulated in USP19KO cells. For each displayed subcellular location, the ratio between the number of regulated proteins with a specific subcellular location (RegSL) and the total number of regulated proteins (RegTot) was normalized in a logarithmic scale against the ratio between the total number of proteins with a specific subcellular location (TOTSL) and the total number of proteins detected in the secretome (TOT). B , analysis of changes in subcellular locations among proteins regulated in USP19KO cells. For each displayed subcellular location, the ratio between the number of upregulated and downregulated proteins with a specific subcellular location (Up SL and Down SL, respectively) was normalized in a logarithmic scale against the ratio between the total number of upregulated proteins (UP tot) and downregulated proteins (Down tot). Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis of the number ( C ) and size ( D ) of extracellular vesicles released by USP19WT or KO HEK293T cells. Western blots ( E ) and relative band quantifications ( F ) of LAMP1, p62, and LC3B in the lysate of WT and USP19KO HEKs. Loss of USP19 in KO cells is also displayed (∗ indicates a nonspecific band that does not disappear when USP19 is ablated), and actin was used as a loading control.

    Article Snippet: Two different constructs were used to rescue USP19 expression in USP19KO HEK cells, pRK-FLAG-USP19 (plasmid # 78597 from Addgene), and pEGFP-rUSP19ER (plasmid # 155247, Addgene), while pCMV3-C-GFPSpark (SinoBiological Eschborn) was used as a control.

    Techniques: Western Blot, Control

    Quantitative proteomics identifies proteins secreted in a USP19-dependent manner. A , Venn diagram showing the number of proteins identified by mass spectrometry analysis in the conditioned media and/or lysates of USP19KO cells. B , graphic representation of protein changes of the 1274 proteins identified in both conditioned media and lysates of USP19KO cells. Proteins have been divided in nine subgroups based on their increase or decrease in the conditioned media and lysates of USP19KO cells. Proteins decreased in the conditioned media and not reduced in the cell lysate (proteins potentially secreted in a USP19-dependent manner) are listed, with lysosome-resident proteins written in bold (according to UniProt annotation - GO 0005764)

    Journal: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP

    Article Title: Proteomic Characterization of Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase 19 Deficient Cells Reveals a Role for USP19 in the Secretion of Lysosomal Proteins

    doi: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100854

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Quantitative proteomics identifies proteins secreted in a USP19-dependent manner. A , Venn diagram showing the number of proteins identified by mass spectrometry analysis in the conditioned media and/or lysates of USP19KO cells. B , graphic representation of protein changes of the 1274 proteins identified in both conditioned media and lysates of USP19KO cells. Proteins have been divided in nine subgroups based on their increase or decrease in the conditioned media and lysates of USP19KO cells. Proteins decreased in the conditioned media and not reduced in the cell lysate (proteins potentially secreted in a USP19-dependent manner) are listed, with lysosome-resident proteins written in bold (according to UniProt annotation - GO 0005764)

    Article Snippet: Two different constructs were used to rescue USP19 expression in USP19KO HEK cells, pRK-FLAG-USP19 (plasmid # 78597 from Addgene), and pEGFP-rUSP19ER (plasmid # 155247, Addgene), while pCMV3-C-GFPSpark (SinoBiological Eschborn) was used as a control.

    Techniques: Quantitative Proteomics, Mass Spectrometry

    USP19 regulates the secretion of LGMN in different cell types. A and B , immunoblots showing protein abundance ( A ) and relative densitometric quantifications ( B ) of LGMN in the conditioned media and lysates of USP19KO HEK cells, transfected either with GFP-USP19, GFP, or FLAG-USP19. Expression of USP19 in the KO cells increased levels of LGMN in the conditioned media compared to GFP expressing control cells, indicating that ectopic expression of USP19 rescued secretion of the two proteins (densitometric quantifications shown as mean values ± SD; ∗∗ represents p < 0.01, Student’s t test; three independent experiments are displayed out of six quantified, n = 6). Clusterin was used as an example of protein that is secreted into the conditioned media independently from USP19. Levels of USP19 in the lysate of transfected cells are displayed, together with actin that was used as a loading control. C – F , immunoblots and their relative band densitometric quantifications showing LGMN in USP19 knockdown or control HTB94 ( C ), HeLa ( D ) U251 ( E ), and LX-2 cells ( F ). For each cell type, levels of USP19 in the lysate were shown. Actin was used as a loading control. USP19 silencing in these cells led to a decrease of LGMN in the conditioned media, while it did not alter its cellular levels (densitometric quantifications shown as mean values ± SD; ∗ represents p < 0.05; ∗∗ represents p < 0.01; and ∗∗∗ represents p < 0.005, Student’s t test; three independent experiments are displayed out of six quantified, n = 6).

    Journal: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP

    Article Title: Proteomic Characterization of Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase 19 Deficient Cells Reveals a Role for USP19 in the Secretion of Lysosomal Proteins

    doi: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100854

    Figure Lengend Snippet: USP19 regulates the secretion of LGMN in different cell types. A and B , immunoblots showing protein abundance ( A ) and relative densitometric quantifications ( B ) of LGMN in the conditioned media and lysates of USP19KO HEK cells, transfected either with GFP-USP19, GFP, or FLAG-USP19. Expression of USP19 in the KO cells increased levels of LGMN in the conditioned media compared to GFP expressing control cells, indicating that ectopic expression of USP19 rescued secretion of the two proteins (densitometric quantifications shown as mean values ± SD; ∗∗ represents p < 0.01, Student’s t test; three independent experiments are displayed out of six quantified, n = 6). Clusterin was used as an example of protein that is secreted into the conditioned media independently from USP19. Levels of USP19 in the lysate of transfected cells are displayed, together with actin that was used as a loading control. C – F , immunoblots and their relative band densitometric quantifications showing LGMN in USP19 knockdown or control HTB94 ( C ), HeLa ( D ) U251 ( E ), and LX-2 cells ( F ). For each cell type, levels of USP19 in the lysate were shown. Actin was used as a loading control. USP19 silencing in these cells led to a decrease of LGMN in the conditioned media, while it did not alter its cellular levels (densitometric quantifications shown as mean values ± SD; ∗ represents p < 0.05; ∗∗ represents p < 0.01; and ∗∗∗ represents p < 0.005, Student’s t test; three independent experiments are displayed out of six quantified, n = 6).

    Article Snippet: Two different constructs were used to rescue USP19 expression in USP19KO HEK cells, pRK-FLAG-USP19 (plasmid # 78597 from Addgene), and pEGFP-rUSP19ER (plasmid # 155247, Addgene), while pCMV3-C-GFPSpark (SinoBiological Eschborn) was used as a control.

    Techniques: Western Blot, Quantitative Proteomics, Transfection, Expressing, Control, Knockdown

    LGMN is secreted through an USP19-dependent mechanism that requires PI3K and the fusion of intracellular pH sensitive vesicles with the plasma membrane . Immunoblots showing protein abundance and relative densitometric quantifications of LGMN in the conditioned media and cell lysates of WT and USP19KO HEK cells, treated with or without 350 nM brefeldin A (BFA) ( A and B ), 10 mM 3-methyladenosine (3-MA) ( C and D ) or 10 nM chloroquine (CQ) ( E and F ), 10 μM GW4869 ( G and H ), and 80 μM dynasore for 24 h (I-J). Clusterin (CLU), a protein known to be secreted in a conventional manner, was used to show effectiveness of the BFA treatment and actin was used as a loading control in ( A ). LC3-I to LC3-II conversion was observed in 3-MA–treated cells to confirm reduction in autophagosome formation in the presence of the inhibitor, and actin was used as a loading control in ( C ). LC3-I to LC3-II conversion was analysed to confirm inhibition of lysosomal activity in the presence of CQ, and actin was used as a loading control in ( E ).

    Journal: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP

    Article Title: Proteomic Characterization of Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase 19 Deficient Cells Reveals a Role for USP19 in the Secretion of Lysosomal Proteins

    doi: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100854

    Figure Lengend Snippet: LGMN is secreted through an USP19-dependent mechanism that requires PI3K and the fusion of intracellular pH sensitive vesicles with the plasma membrane . Immunoblots showing protein abundance and relative densitometric quantifications of LGMN in the conditioned media and cell lysates of WT and USP19KO HEK cells, treated with or without 350 nM brefeldin A (BFA) ( A and B ), 10 mM 3-methyladenosine (3-MA) ( C and D ) or 10 nM chloroquine (CQ) ( E and F ), 10 μM GW4869 ( G and H ), and 80 μM dynasore for 24 h (I-J). Clusterin (CLU), a protein known to be secreted in a conventional manner, was used to show effectiveness of the BFA treatment and actin was used as a loading control in ( A ). LC3-I to LC3-II conversion was observed in 3-MA–treated cells to confirm reduction in autophagosome formation in the presence of the inhibitor, and actin was used as a loading control in ( C ). LC3-I to LC3-II conversion was analysed to confirm inhibition of lysosomal activity in the presence of CQ, and actin was used as a loading control in ( E ).

    Article Snippet: Two different constructs were used to rescue USP19 expression in USP19KO HEK cells, pRK-FLAG-USP19 (plasmid # 78597 from Addgene), and pEGFP-rUSP19ER (plasmid # 155247, Addgene), while pCMV3-C-GFPSpark (SinoBiological Eschborn) was used as a control.

    Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Western Blot, Quantitative Proteomics, Control, Inhibition, Activity Assay

    Secretion of lysosomal proteins is not regulated by their deubiquitination by USP19 or direct interaction with the DUB. A , cell lysates and immunoprecipitates from HEK cells transfected with USP19-FLAG, MXRA8-FLAG, or an empty vector were immunoblotted for LGMN and the known USP19 interactor HSP90. β-actin was used as a loading control. B , volcano plot showing the −Log10 of p -values versus the Log2 of protein ratio of 5208 proteins between the immunoprecipitates from USP19-FLAG– and FLAG-MXRA8–transfected HEK cells. USP19 and MXRA8 are displayed as filled red dots. Significantly altered proteins ( i.e. proteins above the FDR curves) are displayed as filled black dots , and those with a Log2 USP19/MXRA8 ratio above 3 (putative USP19 interactors) are displayed with blue dots . Not altered proteins are displayed as open gray circles. C , immunoblots showing LGMN in WT and USP19KO HEKs, in the presence or absence of the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Ubiquitin (Ub) was used as a control for MG132 treatment, and β-actin as a loading control. D and E , ubiquitinated proteins enriched from WT and USP19KO cells, treated with or without MG132, were analyzed by immunoblotting and unbiased proteomics. D , immunoblots showing ubiquitinated LGMN and p62 in WT and USP19KO HEKs, either in the presence or absence of MG132. E , volcano plots showing the −Log10 of p -values versus the Log2 of protein ratio between USP19KO and WT cells, treated with MG132 to inhibit proteasomal degradation, of 460 proteins (n = 3). Glypican 6 (GPC6) was the only significantly regulated protein and it is displayed as a red filled dot above the FDR ( black hyperbolic curves ). Not altered proteins are displayed as gray dots below the FDR. F , quantification of p62 bands from the immunoblot shown in ( D ) (n = 3; ∗ represents p < 0.05; Student’s t test). G and H , flow cytometry analysis shows that levels of LAMP1 on the cell surface of WT HEKs were higher than on USP19KO HEKs. Flow cytometry histograms are shown in ( G ), and quantification of three separate experiments in ( H ) (∗∗ represents p < 0.01, Student t test).

    Journal: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP

    Article Title: Proteomic Characterization of Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase 19 Deficient Cells Reveals a Role for USP19 in the Secretion of Lysosomal Proteins

    doi: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100854

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Secretion of lysosomal proteins is not regulated by their deubiquitination by USP19 or direct interaction with the DUB. A , cell lysates and immunoprecipitates from HEK cells transfected with USP19-FLAG, MXRA8-FLAG, or an empty vector were immunoblotted for LGMN and the known USP19 interactor HSP90. β-actin was used as a loading control. B , volcano plot showing the −Log10 of p -values versus the Log2 of protein ratio of 5208 proteins between the immunoprecipitates from USP19-FLAG– and FLAG-MXRA8–transfected HEK cells. USP19 and MXRA8 are displayed as filled red dots. Significantly altered proteins ( i.e. proteins above the FDR curves) are displayed as filled black dots , and those with a Log2 USP19/MXRA8 ratio above 3 (putative USP19 interactors) are displayed with blue dots . Not altered proteins are displayed as open gray circles. C , immunoblots showing LGMN in WT and USP19KO HEKs, in the presence or absence of the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Ubiquitin (Ub) was used as a control for MG132 treatment, and β-actin as a loading control. D and E , ubiquitinated proteins enriched from WT and USP19KO cells, treated with or without MG132, were analyzed by immunoblotting and unbiased proteomics. D , immunoblots showing ubiquitinated LGMN and p62 in WT and USP19KO HEKs, either in the presence or absence of MG132. E , volcano plots showing the −Log10 of p -values versus the Log2 of protein ratio between USP19KO and WT cells, treated with MG132 to inhibit proteasomal degradation, of 460 proteins (n = 3). Glypican 6 (GPC6) was the only significantly regulated protein and it is displayed as a red filled dot above the FDR ( black hyperbolic curves ). Not altered proteins are displayed as gray dots below the FDR. F , quantification of p62 bands from the immunoblot shown in ( D ) (n = 3; ∗ represents p < 0.05; Student’s t test). G and H , flow cytometry analysis shows that levels of LAMP1 on the cell surface of WT HEKs were higher than on USP19KO HEKs. Flow cytometry histograms are shown in ( G ), and quantification of three separate experiments in ( H ) (∗∗ represents p < 0.01, Student t test).

    Article Snippet: Two different constructs were used to rescue USP19 expression in USP19KO HEK cells, pRK-FLAG-USP19 (plasmid # 78597 from Addgene), and pEGFP-rUSP19ER (plasmid # 155247, Addgene), while pCMV3-C-GFPSpark (SinoBiological Eschborn) was used as a control.

    Techniques: Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Control, Western Blot, Ubiquitin Proteomics, Flow Cytometry